April 19, 2023

Staying abreast of current tax laws and regulations is imperative for investors to maximize their investment returns. One such provision that can aid in tax savings is the Investment Allowance outlined in Section 32A of the Income Tax Act. Implemented in 2014, the Investment Allowance enables businesses to claim a deduction of 15% on newly purchased and installed plant and machinery during a financial year. This deduction, in addition to depreciation, aims to incentivize businesses to invest in new equipment and machinery to improve productivity and efficiency. Eligibility for the Investment Allowance requires the plant and machinery to be acquired and installed between April 1, 2013, and March 31, 2023. The deduction is available to both individuals and companies, including those involved in manufacturing, mining, and infrastructure development. The deduction can be claimed in the year that the asset is put into use. For example, if a company acquires and installs new machinery in September 2022, the deduction can be claimed in the financial year 2022-23. All types of businesses, but especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), can benefit from the deduction to offset their tax liabilities and improve their cash flow. It’s important to note that the Investment Allowance does not apply to second-hand plant and machinery or assets that have been previously used. Additionally, the deduction cannot be claimed for leased or hired assets. To claim the Investment Allowance, proper documentation must be maintained, such as invoices, receipts, and installation certificates, to support the claim in case of an audit. In conclusion, the Investment Allowance under Section 32A of the Income Tax Act is a valuable provision that can assist businesses in saving on taxes and enhancing their cash flow by investing in new plant and machinery. However, it’s crucial to ensure that the assets meet the eligibility criteria and proper documentation is maintained to support the claim. section 32A of Income Tax Act, 1961 (1) In respect of a ship or an aircraft or machinery or plant specified in sub- section (2), which is owned by the assessee and is wholly used for the purposes of the business carried on by him, there shall, in accordance with and subject to the provisions of this section, be allowed a deduction, in respect of the previous year in which the ship or aircraft was acquired or the machinery or plant was installed or, if the ship, aircraft, machinery or plant is first put to use in the immediately succeeding previous year, then, in respect of that previous year, of a sum by way of investment allowance equal to twenty-five per cent of the actual cost of the ship, aircraft, machinery or plant to the assessee : Provided that in respect of a ship or an aircraft or machinery or plant specified in sub-section (8B), this sub-section shall have effect as if for the words “twenty-five per cent”, the words “twenty per cent” had been substituted : Provided further that no deduction shall be allowed under this section in respect of— (a)  any machinery or plant installed in any office premises or any residential accommodation, including any accommodation in the nature of a guest house ; (b)  any office appliances or road transport vehicles ; (c)  any ship, machinery or plant in respect of which the deduction by way of development rebate is allowable under section 33 ; and (d)  any machinery or plant, the whole of the actual cost of which is allowed as a deduction (whether by way of depreciation or otherwise) in computing the income chargeable under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession” of any one previous year. Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section, “actual cost” means the actual cost of the ship, aircraft, machinery or plant to the assessee as reduced by that part of such cost which has been met out of the amount released to the assessee under sub-section (6) of section 32AB. (2) The ship or aircraft or machinery or plant referred to in sub-section (1) shall be the following, namely :— (a)  a new ship or new aircraft acquired after the 31st day of March, 1976, by an assessee engaged in the business of operation of ships or aircraft ; (b)  any new machinery or plant installed after the 31st day of March, 1976,—  (i)  for the purposes of business of generation or distribution of electricity or any other form of power ; or (ii)  in a small-scale industrial undertaking for the purposes of business of manufacture or production of any article or thing ; or (iii)  in any other industrial undertaking for the purposes of business of construction, manufacture or production of any article or thing, not being an article or thing specified in the list in the Eleventh Schedule : Provided that nothing contained in clauses (a) and (b) shall apply in relation to,—  (i)  a new ship or new aircraft acquired, or (ii)  any new machinery or plant installed, after the 31st day of March, 1987 but before the 1st day of April, 1988, unless such ship or aircraft is acquired or such machinery or plant is installed in the circumstances specified in clause (a) of sub-section (8B) and the assessee furnishes evidence to the satisfaction of the Assessing Officer as specified in that clause ; (c)  any new machinery or plant installed after the 31st day of March, 1983, but before the 1st day of April, 1987, for the purposes of business of repairs to ocean-going vessels or other powered craft if the business is carried on by an Indian company and the business so carried on is for the time being approved for the purposes of this clause by the Central Government. Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section and sub-sections (2B), (2C) and (4),—     (1) (a) “new ship” or “new aircraft” includes a ship or aircraft which before the date of acquisition by the assessee was used by any other person, if it was not at any time previous to the date of such acquisition owned by any person

Depreciation, a term frequently used in the fields of finance and accounting, refers to the decline in value of an asset over a certain period. In the context of income tax, it is an expenditure that businesses can claim as a deduction to decrease their taxable income and ultimately their tax burden. This blog post will delve into the essentials of depreciation in income tax section 32. Depreciation is a method of apportioning the cost of an asset over its useful life. This means that rather than accounting for the full cost of an asset in the year it was acquired, the cost is distributed over the period that the asset is anticipated to produce revenue. For instance, if a company purchases a $10,000 piece of equipment with a predicted life of 5 years, the cost of the equipment will be depreciated at a rate of $2,000 per year over those 5 years. Depreciation is vital because it allows businesses to match the expense of an asset with the revenue it produces over time. It also enables them to reduce their taxable income by claiming it as a tax-deductible expense. Income tax section 32 deals with the depreciation of assets for tax purposes. This section permits businesses to claim depreciation on assets that are utilized for generating income, such as machinery, buildings, vehicles, and computers. Under income tax section 32, depreciation is calculated using the block of assets method. This involves grouping assets into blocks based on their useful life, and assigning depreciation rates to each block. The depreciation rate for each block is set by the Income Tax Department and is determined by the expected useful life of the assets in that block. For example, if a business has a block of assets that includes machinery with a useful life of 5 years and buildings with a useful life of 30 years, the depreciation rate for the machinery would be greater than the rate for the buildings. In summary, depreciation is a crucial concept in finance and accounting that allows businesses to spread out the cost of an asset over its useful life. Income tax section 32 provides a framework for claiming depreciation on assets utilized for generating income. Understanding the fundamentals of depreciation and income tax section 32 can help businesses reduce their taxable income and lower their tax liability. section 32 of Income Tax Act, 1961 1) In respect of depreciation of—  (i)  buildings, machinery, plant or furniture, being tangible assets; (ii)  know-how, patents, copyrights, trade marks, licences, franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature, being intangible assets acquired on or after the 1st day of April, 1998, 16[not being goodwill of a business or profession] owned, wholly or partly, by the assessee and used for the purposes of the business or profession, the following deductions shall be allowed—  (i)  in the case of assets of an undertaking engaged in generation or generation and distribution of power, such percentage on the actual cost thereof to the assessee as may be prescribed17; (ii)  in the case of any block of assets, such percentage on the written down value thereof as may be prescribed18: Provided that no deduction shall be allowed under this clause in respect of— (a) any motor car manufactured outside India, where such motor car is acquired by the assessee after the 28th day of February, 1975 but before the 1st day of April, 2001, unless it is used—  (i)  in a business of running it on hire for tourists ; or (ii)  outside India in his business or profession in another country ; and (b)  any machinery or plant if the actual cost thereof is allowed as a deduction in one or more years under an agreement entered into by the Central Government under section 42 : Provided further that where an asset referred to in clause (i) or clause (ii) or clause (iia) or the first proviso to clause (iia), as the case may be, is acquired by the assessee during the previous year and is put to use for the purposes of business or profession for a period of less than one hundred and eighty days in that previous year, the deduction under this sub-section in respect of such asset shall be restricted to fifty per cent of the amount calculated at the percentage prescribed for an asset under clause (i) or clause (ii) or clause (iia), as the case may be : Provided also that where an asset referred to in clause (iia) or the first proviso to clause (iia), as the case may be, is acquired by the assessee during the previous year and is put to use for the purposes of business for a period of less than one hundred and eighty days in that previous year, and the deduction under this sub-section in respect of such asset is restricted to fifty per cent of the amount calculated at the percentage prescribed for an asset under clause (iia) for that previous year, then, the deduction for the balance fifty per cent of the amount calculated at the percentage prescribed for such asset under clause (iia) shall be allowed under this sub-section in the immediately succeeding previous year in respect of such asset: Provided also that where an asset being commercial vehicle is acquired by the assessee on or after the 1st day of October, 1998 but before the 1st day of April, 1999 and is put to use before the 1st day of April, 1999 for the purposes of business or profession, the deduction in respect of such asset shall be allowed on such percentage on the written down value thereof as may be prescribed. Explanation.—For the purposes of this proviso,— (a)  the expression “commercial vehicle” means “heavy goods vehicle”, “heavy passenger motor vehicle”, “light motor vehicle”, “medium goods vehicle” and “medium passenger motor vehicle” but does not include “maxi-cab”, “motor-cab”, “tractor” and “road-roller”; (b)  the expressions “heavy goods vehicle”, “heavy passenger motor vehicle”, “light motor vehicle”, “medium goods vehicle”, “medium passenger motor

Maintaining and repairing machinery, equipment, and furniture is of paramount importance in ensuring the functionality and productivity of any business. However, these maintenance and repair costs can pose a significant financial burden that may affect the profitability of the business. Luckily, Section 31 of the Income Tax Act provides some respite by allowing businesses to claim deductions on these expenses. Section 31 of the Income Tax Act permits businesses to claim deductions for expenses incurred in repairing and maintaining their plant, machinery, and furniture. These expenses can include the cost of replacement parts, labor charges, and any other expenses directly related to repairing and maintaining these assets. It’s important to note that Section 31 only allows deductions for expenses that restore assets to their original condition. Replacing a damaged asset or making any improvements that increase its value cannot be claimed as repairs and maintenance expenses. In addition to repair and maintenance expenses, businesses can also claim deductions for insurance premiums paid to protect their machinery, plant, and furniture. These premiums can include any insurance policy that covers the loss or damage of these assets. To claim deductions under Section 31, businesses must maintain precise records of all repair, maintenance, and insurance expenses incurred during the financial year. These records must contain receipts, invoices, and any other relevant documents that prove that the expenses were necessary and directly related to the assets in question. It’s also crucial to ensure that the repair and maintenance expenses were incurred during the financial year and relate to the assets used in your business. Seeking advice from a qualified accountant or tax agent is advisable if you’re unsure about the deductibility of any expenses. In conclusion, Section 31 of the Income Tax Act provides businesses with an opportunity to claim deductions on their machinery, equipment, and furniture’s repair, maintenance, and insurance expenses. By maintaining accurate records and ensuring that the expenses relate directly to your business assets, you can optimize your deductions and minimize your tax liability. section 31 of Income Tax Act, 1961 In respect of repairs and insurance of machinery, plant or furniture used for the purposes of the business or profession, the following deductions shall be allowed—  (i)  the amount paid on account of current repairs thereto ; (ii)  the amount of any premium paid in respect of insurance against risk of damage or destruction thereof. Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the amount paid on account of current repairs shall not include any expenditure in the nature of capital expenditure. Other Services of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company | 80G and 12A Certificate | FCRA Registration |DGGI Cases | Scrutiny Cases | Income Escapement Cases | Search & Seizure | CIT Appeal | ITAT Appeal | Auditors | Internal Audit | Financial Audit | Process Audit | IEC Code | CA Certification | Income Tax Penalty Notice u/s 271(1)(c) | Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1) | Income Tax Notice u/s 144 |Income Tax Notice u/s 148 | Income Tax Demand Notice 

When it comes to owning property, there are several expenses that must be considered, such as rent, fees, taxes, upkeep, and insurance. In India, these expenses are recognized as tax-deductible under section 30 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Let us explore each of these expenses and their treatment under this section. Rent is eligible for tax deduction if a property owner rents out their property for business or professional purposes. However, the rent must be reasonable and consistent with the current market rates. Property owners are required to pay various fees and taxes to local authorities, such as property tax, sewage tax, and water tax. Under section 30, these fees and taxes are deductible if they are solely incurred for business or professional purposes. Expenses incurred for maintenance and repairs to keep the property functional are also tax-deductible under section 30. This includes expenses for painting, repairing electrical fixtures, replacing broken tiles, and other similar expenses. However, expenses for property improvements or renovations that add value to the property are not considered repairs and are instead treated as depreciation. Insurance is essential to protect the property from unforeseen events such as fire, theft, and natural disasters. Premiums paid for insurance policies are also tax-deductible under section 30. It is essential to note that deductions under section 30 are subject to specific conditions and limitations. For instance, deductions for maintenance and repair expenses are limited to 30% of the net annual value of the property. Additionally, all expenses claimed as deductions must be substantiated with proper documentation such as invoices and receipts. In conclusion, rent, fees, taxes, upkeep, and insurance are vital expenses for property owners that can be tax-deductible under section 30 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. By utilizing these deductions, property owners can reduce their tax burden and save money. However, it is crucial to ensure that all expenses claimed as deductions are genuine and comply with the provisions of the law. section 30 of Income Tax Act, 1961 In respect of rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance for premises, used for the purposes of the business or profession, the following deductions shall be allowed— (a)  where the premises are occupied by the assessee—   (i)  as a tenant, the rent paid for such premises ; and further if he has undertaken to bear the cost of repairs to the premises, the amount paid on account of such repairs ;  (ii)  otherwise than as a tenant, the amount paid by him on account of current repairs to the premises ; (b)  any sums paid on account of land revenue, local rates or municipal taxes; (c)  the amount of any premium paid in respect of insurance against risk of damage or destruction of the premises. Explanation.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that the amount paid on account of the cost of repairs referred to in sub-clause (i), and the amount paid on account of current repairs referred to in sub-clause (ii), of clause (a), shall not include any expenditure in the nature of capital expenditure. Other Services of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company | 80G and 12A Certificate | FCRA Registration |DGGI Cases | Scrutiny Cases | Income Escapement Cases | Search & Seizure | CIT Appeal | ITAT Appeal | Auditors | Internal Audit | Financial Audit | Process Audit | IEC Code | CA Certification | Income Tax Penalty Notice u/s 271(1)(c) | Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1) | Income Tax Notice u/s 144 |Income Tax Notice u/s 148 | Income Tax Demand Notice 

Are you looking to understand Income from profits and gains of business or profession, how computed?  This detailed article will tell you all about Income from profits and gains of business or profession, how computed. Hi, my name is Shruti Goyal, I have been working in the field of Income Tax since 2011. I have vast experience in filing income tax returns, accounting, tax advisory, tax consultancy, income tax provisions, and tax planning. Generating revenue through profits and gains from business or profession is a crucial aspect for both individuals and companies. The method of computing such income is a multifaceted process that involves considering various factors. Initially, it is vital to comprehend the definition of a business or profession as stated by the Income Tax Act. A business refers to any commercial or trade activity, whereas a profession pertains to an individual’s employment or vocation. Income generated from such activities falls under the category of income from profits and gains of business or profession, which is taxable under this head. The computation process comprises several steps, commencing with the calculation of total gross income, which includes all revenue earned during the financial year. The next step involves calculating the net profit by deducting all business expenses from the gross receipts. Expenses that can be deducted include rent, wages, repairs, interest, depreciation, and other expenses related to the business. After computing the net profit, the amount of depreciation is adjusted, and allowable expenses are deducted. Deductions can include expenses related to research and development, scientific research, salaries, and depreciation on business assets. Further, all the expenses which are allowed to be deducted from revenue are given under Income Tax per se in a detailed manner. The final step is to calculate the taxable income by deducting allowable expenses from the adjusted net profit. Tax liability is then computed on the taxable income at the applicable tax rate, which varies depending on the total income earned during the fiscal year. To ensure compliance with the Income Tax Act, individuals and companies must understand the process of computing income from profits and gains of a business or profession. It is crucial to maintain accurate records of business expenses and seek professional assistance whenever necessary. Section 29 of Income Tax Act, 1961 Section 29, of Income Tax Act, 1961 states that the income referred to in section 28 shall be computed in accordance with the provisions contained in sections 30 to 43D.

The imposition of taxes on profits and gains is a critical factor that businesses and professionals must consider. These taxes are based on the revenue earned from any trade, profession, or business activity carried out by an individual or a company, which can include various sources such as sales proceeds, service fees, rent, interest, or dividends. Revenue income and capital gains are the two primary categories of income that businesses and professionals generate. Revenue income is the regular income generated by their business or profession activities, while capital gains are the profits obtained from selling capital assets such as land, buildings, or shares. The calculation of taxable income for profits and gains of business or profession is done by subtracting the expenses incurred in generating the income from the gross revenue earned. To arrive at net income, income tax laws allow for a variety of deductions and exemptions, such as depreciation for fixed assets, expenses for rent, interest, and other costs, contributions to charitable organizations, and deductions for losses incurred during the course of the business or profession. The net income is then subject to taxation at the applicable tax rate, which varies depending on the country and specific tax laws in place. To ensure compliance with tax laws, businesses and professionals must be aware of the regulations governing income tax. By taking advantage of the available deductions and exemptions, they can reduce their tax liability and increase their profits. section 28 of Income Tax Act, 1961 The following income shall be chargeable to income-tax under the head “Profits and gains of business or profession”,—  (i)  the profits and gains of any business or profession which was carried on by the assessee at any time during the previous year ; (ii)  any compensation or other payment due to or received by,—  (a)  any person, by whatever name called, managing the whole or substantially the whole of the affairs of an Indian company, at or in connection with the termination of his management or the modification of the terms and conditions relating thereto;  (b)  any person, by whatever name called, managing the whole or substantially the whole of the affairs in India of any other company, at or in connection with the termination of his office or the modification of the terms and conditions relating thereto ;  (c)  any person, by whatever name called, holding an agency in India for any part of the activities relating to the business of any other person, at or in connection with the termination of the agency or the modification of the terms and conditions relating thereto ;  (d)  any person, for or in connection with the vesting in the Government, or in any corporation owned or controlled by the Government, under any law for the time being in force, of the management of any property or business ;  (e)  any person, by whatever name called, at or in connection with the termination or the modification of the terms and conditions, of any contract relating to his business; (iii) income derived by a trade, professional or similar association from specific services performed for its members ; (iiia) profits on sale of a licence granted under the Imports (Control) Order, 1955, made under the Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1947 (18 of 1947) ; (iiib) cash assistance (by whatever name called) received or receivable by any person against exports under any scheme of the Government of India ; (iiic) any duty of customs or excise re-paid or re-payable as drawback to any person against exports under the Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1971 ; (iiid) any profit on the transfer of the Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme, being the Duty Remission Scheme under the export and import policy formulated and announced under section 5 of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992 (22 of 1992) ; (iiie) any profit on the transfer of the Duty Free Replenishment Certificate, being the Duty Remission Scheme under the export and import policy formulated and announced under section 5 of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, 1992 (22 of 1992) ; (iv) the value of any benefit or perquisite, whether convertible into money or not, arising from business or the exercise of a profession ; (v)  any interest, salary, bonus, commission or remuneration, by whatever name called, due to, or received by, a partner of a firm from such firm : Provided that where any interest, salary, bonus, commission or remuneration, by whatever name called, or any part thereof has not been allowed to be deducted under clause (b) of section 40, the income under this clause shall be adjusted to the extent of the amount not so allowed to be deducted ; (va) any sum, whether received or receivable, in cash or kind, under an agreement for—  (a)  not carrying out any activity in relation to any business or profession; or  (b)  not sharing any know-how, patent, copyright, trade-mark, licence, franchise or any other business or commercial right of similar nature or information or technique likely to assist in the manufacture or processing of goods or provision for services: Provided that sub-clause (a) shall not apply to—   (i)  any sum, whether received or receivable, in cash or kind, on account of transfer of the right to manufacture, produce or process any article or thing or right to carry on any business or profession, which is chargeable under the head “Capital gains”;  (ii)  any sum received as compensation, from the multilateral fund of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer under the United Nations Environment Programme, in accordance with the terms of agreement entered into with the Government of India. Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause,—  (i)  “agreement” includes any arrangement or understanding or action in concert,— (A)  whether or not such arrangement, understanding or action is formal or in writing; or (B)  whether or not such arrangement, understanding or action is intended to be enforceable by legal proceedings; (ii)  “service” means service of any

In India, the ownership of a property is governed by the Income Tax Act of 1961, which has provisions for taxing income earned by individuals, corporations, and other entities. Owning a house property comes with specific tax implications, and the yearly charge associated with it is defined under Section 27 of the Act. Let’s examine what it entails to be the possessor of a house property and the concept of the annual fee. The term “owner of a house property” refers to an individual who holds the legal title to a property. This title could take the form of a freehold, leasehold, or any other recognized form of legal ownership. As the owner of the property, one is accountable for maintaining it and paying taxes related to it. According to the Income Tax Act, a house property is defined as a building or land owned by the taxpayer, which is used for either residential or commercial purposes. The property could be an apartment, house, shop, office, or any other type of building. Section 27 of the Income Tax Act states that if an individual possesses more than one house property, only one of them is considered self-occupied, and the others are treated as let-out properties. The annual value of the self-occupied property is considered zero, while the annual value of the let-out property is calculated based on the rental income that the property can generate. The annual fee pertains to the tax imposed on the annual value of the let-out property. The annual value is computed as the higher of the actual rent received or the potential rent that the property can generate. It is crucial to note that the annual value is not equivalent to the actual rent received but is a value deemed to be the rental income that the property can generate. As an owner of a house property, one can claim certain deductions that can reduce taxable income. These deductions include a standard deduction of 30% of the annual value of the property, which covers expenses associated with maintaining the property. If an individual has taken a home loan to buy the property, they can claim a deduction on the interest paid on the loan, up to a maximum amount of Rs. 2 lakhs per year. Lastly, one can also claim a deduction on the municipal taxes paid on the property. To avoid legal issues, it is crucial to comprehend the tax implications associated with owning a house property. The annual fee is the tax levied on the annual value of the let-out property, and deductions can be claimed on expenses such as maintenance, interest on home loans, and municipal taxes. under section 27 of Income Tax Act, 1961 For the purposes of sections 22 to 26—  (i)  an individual who transfers otherwise than for adequate consideration any house property to his or her spouse, not being a transfer in connection with an agreement to live apart, or to a minor child not being a married daughter, shall be deemed to be the owner of the house property so transferred; (ii)  the holder of an impartible estate shall be deemed to be the individual owner of all the properties comprised in the estate; (iii) a member of a co-operative society, company or other association of persons to whom a building or part thereof is allotted or leased under a house building scheme of the society, company or association, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be the owner of that building or part thereof; (iiia) a person who is allowed to take or retain possession of any building or part thereof in part performance of a contract of the nature referred to in section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (4 of 1882), shall be deemed to be the owner of that building or part thereof; (iiib) a person who acquires any rights (excluding any rights by way of a lease from month to month or for a period not exceeding one year) in or with respect to any building or part thereof, by virtue of any such transaction as is referred to in clause (f) of section 269UA, shall be deemed to be the owner of that building or part thereof; (iv) [***] (v)  [***] (vi) taxes levied by a local authority in respect of any property shall be deemed to include service taxes levied by the local authority in respect of the property. 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When multiple individuals jointly own a property, it is known as co-ownership. In India, the rules regarding such ownership are outlined in Section 26 of the Income Tax Act, which describes the tax implications of owning a property jointly. Section 26 applies to cases where a property is owned by two or more individuals who are not part of a Hindu Undivided Family (HUF). In such cases, the income generated from the property is taxed based on each co-owner’s share in the property. For instance, if Mr. A and Mr. B jointly own a property with a 50% share each and the property generates rental income of Rs. 1,00,000 per year, then each co-owner will be taxed on Rs. 50,000, which represents their share of the income. It is important to note that when co-owners are married couples, the income from the property is typically assumed to be equally shared between them, regardless of their actual share in the property. In summary, co-ownership of a property has a significant impact on tax liabilities. As such, it is advisable to seek advice from a tax expert or a chartered accountant to comprehend the implications of co-ownership on tax obligations. section 26 of Income Tax Act, 1961 Where property consisting of buildings or buildings and lands appurtenant thereto is owned by two or more persons and their respective shares are definite and ascertainable, such persons shall not in respect of such property be assessed as an association of persons, but the share of each such person in the income from the property as computed in accordance with sections 22 to 25 shall be included in his total income. Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, in applying the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 23 for computing the share of each such person as is referred to in this section, such share shall be computed, as if each such person is individually entitled to the relief provided in that sub-section. Services of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company | 80G and 12A Certificate | FCRA Registration |DGGI Cases | Scrutiny Cases | Income Escapement Cases | Search & Seizure | CIT Appeal | ITAT Appeal | Auditors | Internal Audit | Financial Audit | Process Audit | IEC Code | CA Certification | Income Tax Penalty Notice u/s 271(1)(c) | Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1) | Income Tax Notice u/s 144 |Income Tax Notice u/s 148 | Income Tax Demand Notice 

Section 25A of the Income Tax Act offers specific provisions to landlords in India who experience issues related to non-payment or delayed payment of rent by their tenants. These provisions are relevant in situations where landlords are entitled to receive unpaid rent from their tenants, which is referred to as arrears of rent, or when tenants default on rent, which is referred to as unrealized rent. Arrears of Rent pertain to unpaid rent that landlords are entitled to receive from their tenants, which may be due to disputes between the landlord and tenant or financial difficulties faced by the tenant. According to Section 25A of the Income Tax Act, landlords are taxed for arrears of rent in the fiscal year they are received, regardless of when they were due. However, landlords may claim a deduction for expenses incurred while recovering arrears, which may include legal fees, collection charges, or other relevant expenses. Unrealized Rent pertains to rent that tenants have defaulted on and remains unpaid to landlords. This situation may arise due to disputes, tenant absconding, or other reasons. Under Section 25A, landlords can choose to adopt either the mercantile or cash system of accounting. If landlords adopt the mercantile system, the unrealized rent can be taxed in the year it became due, regardless of whether it has been received. If landlords adopt the cash system, the rent cannot be taxed until it is actually received. If the unrealized rent is subsequently received, it is taxed in the fiscal year it is received, regardless of the year it became due. It is crucial to note that the tax treatment of arrears of rent and unrealized rent may vary depending on the specific facts and circumstances of each case. Therefore, landlords should seek advice from a qualified tax professional to ensure compliance with the Income Tax Act and minimize their tax liabilities. In conclusion, Section 25A of the Income Tax Act provides landlords with relief from issues related to non-payment or delayed payment of rent by tenants. By comprehending these provisions, landlords can manage their tax liabilities and ensure adherence to the Income Tax Act. section 25A of Income Tax Act, 1961 (1) The amount of arrears of rent received from a tenant or the unrealised rent realised subsequently from a tenant, as the case may be, by an assessee shall be deemed to be the income from house property in respect of the financial year in which such rent is received or realised, and shall be included in the total income of the assessee under the head “Income from house property”, whether the assessee is the owner of the property or not in that financial year. (2) A sum equal to thirty per cent of the arrears of rent or the unrealised rent referred to in sub-section (1) shall be allowed as deduction. Services of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company | 80G and 12A Certificate | FCRA Registration |DGGI Cases | Scrutiny Cases | Income Escapement Cases | Search & Seizure | CIT Appeal | ITAT Appeal | Auditors | Internal Audit | Financial Audit | Process Audit | IEC Code | CA Certification | Income Tax Penalty Notice u/s 271(1)(c) | Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1) | Income Tax Notice u/s 144 |Income Tax Notice u/s 148 | Income Tax Demand Notice 

Earning a rental income from a property that is leased out is liable for taxation under the section “Income from House Property” according to the Indian Income Tax Act, 1961. The Act offers certain deductions from the gross rental income, thereby reducing the taxable income from the property. Section 24 of the Act lays down the specifics of these deductions. While certain deductions are permitted, there are particular amounts that cannot be deducted from the income from house property. This blog post will delve into the amounts that are not deductible from the income from house property. Municipal Taxes: Municipal taxes are calculated based on the property’s annual value and are imposed by the local authority on the property owner. However, the owner cannot claim these taxes as deductions from the income from house property. Municipal taxes are levied for maintaining local infrastructure like roads and streetlights. Standard Deduction: A standard deduction of 30% of the net annual value of the property is permitted as a deduction. But if the actual amount spent on repairs and maintenance exceeds this amount, then the excess amount can be claimed as a deduction. This means that the actual amount spent on repairs and maintenance is deductible, but not the standard deduction. Interest on Loan: Interest paid on a loan taken for the acquisition, construction, repair, or renovation of a property is deductible from the income from house property. However, if the property is self-occupied and not let out, the maximum amount of interest allowed as a deduction is INR 2 lakh per annum. Vacancy Allowance: The amount of rent lost due to the property being unoccupied is referred to as vacancy allowance. This amount is not deductible from the income from house property. Capital Expenditure: Capital expenditure is incurred on the procurement, construction, or improvement of a property. This expenditure is not deductible from the income from house property. However, depreciation can be claimed on such expenditure. Personal Use: If the property owner utilizes the property for personal purposes, the rental income earned from the property is not taxable. However, if only a part of the property is leased out and the owner uses the remaining part for personal purposes, then only the rental income earned from the leased-out part is taxable. In conclusion, comprehending the amounts that are not deductible from the income from house property is crucial when computing the taxable income from such property. Municipal taxes, standard deduction, vacancy allowance, capital expenditure, and personal use are not deductible from the income from house property. Interest paid on a loan taken for the property can be claimed as a deduction subject to specific limits. Understanding these deductions and exclusions can aid in accurately calculating the taxable income from house property. section 25 of Income Tax Act, 1961 Notwithstanding anything contained in section 24, any interest chargeable under this Act which is payable outside India (not being interest on a loan issued for public subscription before the 1st day of April, 1938), on which tax has not been paid or deducted under Chapter XVII-B and in respect of which there is no person in India who may be treated as an agent under section 163 shall not be deducted in computing the income chargeable under the head “Income from house property”. Services of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company | 80G and 12A Certificate | FCRA Registration |DGGI Cases | Scrutiny Cases | Income Escapement Cases | Search & Seizure | CIT Appeal | ITAT Appeal | Auditors | Internal Audit | Financial Audit | Process Audit | IEC Code | CA Certification | Income Tax Penalty Notice u/s 271(1)(c) | Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1) | Income Tax Notice u/s 144 |Income Tax Notice u/s 148 | Income Tax Demand Notice