Asset-light business model
Asset light” is essentially a business model strategy and the question of how a company prepares and optimizes its balance sheet. A company is therefore “asset light” if it has (relatively) little ownership of assets, i.e. has only a small amount of fixed assets on its balance sheet. The asset-light strategy is particularly common among companies in the service sector, which in principle require little capital for their business operations. The best-known examples include well-known companies such as Airbnb and Uber or providers of co-working spaces such as WeWork. What is an Asset Light Business Model? An asset-light business model, as the name suggests, is a business model where the company focuses on reducing the amount of capital that is invested in assets. In financial terms, this would mean that the size of revenue generated by the company would be very high as compared to the amount of capital tied up in assets. Finance enthusiasts will say that these companies have a very high asset turnover ratio. Entrepreneurs carefully study the value chain of a business in order to identify the key functions which need to be kept in the house. Any other functions which are not mission-critical are outsourced to vendors in order to increase efficiencies. Salient Features of the Model Focus on Intangible Assets: The whole focus of companies using asset-light business models is to gain a competitive advantage over the competition using intangible assets. For some companies, this intangible asset is in the form of a brand name. On the other hand, for some other companies, this intangible asset is in the form of patents, algorithms, software, or such other intellectual property rights.Instead of spending money on constructing factories and warehouses, the money is often spent on building intellectual property which provides a very specific value proposition that is difficult for the competition to replicate. Focus on Customer Facing Side of the Business: It is also important to note that most of these asset-light companies focus on the customer-facing side of the business. Their business models are created in such a way that they solve a specific need for a business and acquire customers. The execution part of the business is then passed on to other service providers. It is the ability to acquire and pass on customers to service providers which allow these companies to earn a return on investment that is higher than the competition. Creating a Lean Enterprise: The entire asset-light business model is based on the concept of lean enterprise. This means that these businesses conduct every activity in a manner that is not wasteful.Asset light business models are meant to redesign the entire process and eliminate any wasteful activity. Fixed Costs to Variable Costs: Another important feature of the asset-light business model is the relentless focus on de-risking the business model by reducing operating leverage. Asset light businesses are famous for turning every fixed cost into a variable cost. For instance, companies can turn fixed salary costs into variable costs by hiring contractors and gig economy workers instead of full-time employees.Similarly, asset-light companies use cloud-based solutions to lower their costs instead of investing upfront in buying servers and other data center related expenses. The more any company can convert fixed costs into variable costs, the closer it is to having an asset-light business model. Faster Response Times: Another important characteristic feature of asset-light business models is the ability to quickly respond to customer requests. Even though the requests are serviced by third-party services, the customer-facing business has to take ownership of the service delivery.This means that they have to create a system wherein they can quickly pass on the message to a nearby service provider and can also track their performance and service delivery process. The entire supply chain has to be linked by well-designed information systems that quickly and accurately transfer the required information to all stakeholders. Advantages of Asset-Light Business Model The costs of investment and running the Asset-Light Business Model business is less, and revenue and profits would be more. Start-ups can own the operational part of the company and outsource any other assets needed. They confer greater flexibility to tech-enabled new-age businesses to scale up much faster than traditional asset-heavy industries. This quick scalability gives them a definite edge over others in the market. The startup can grow new assets and sell them later at a profit. Businesses with high scalability and lower capital requirements are more attractive to equity investors. So, it will help entrepreneurs to get the company listed. Disadvantages of Asset Light Business Models Over-Reliance on Vendors: The biggest problem with asset-light business models is that companies that follow such models face an overreliance on vendors. Vendors are independent entities who are seeking profit and oftentimes their philosophy does not match the philosophy of the startup.Vendors are the face of the company to the end consumer and provide the final service. Hence, if they are not aligned with the values of customer service, they might resort to profiteering and other unethical means. As a startup company grows larger, it has high bargaining power with the vendors. This is because it redirects several customers to the same vendors. However, a smaller company does not have much leverage over its vendors. Hence, it is important for startup companies to be very careful when they select the final vendors who will actually provide the good or service to the customer. Less Standardization of Services: The problem with having several vendors is that maintaining a certain standard of quality is often very difficult. This may not be because of wrong intent on part of the vendors. Instead, it may simply be due to the lack of availability of resources. For instance, different vendors providing different types of car repair services may have mechanics of different levels of expertise. In such cases, standardization of services is very difficult and it is quite possible that different customers might have very different experiences with the company which leads to dilution of brand image. Low Barriers to Entry:
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