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According to the Real Estate Regulation and Development Act, 2016, an Occupancy Certificate is defined as “the certificate, or such other certificate by whatever name called, issued by the competent authority permitting occupation of any building, as provided under local laws, which has provision for civic infrastructures such as water, sanitation and electricity.” An OC is a legal document that authorizes the construction of the building in the eyes of the law. It certifies that the building plan is in accordance with the construction laws approved by the concerned authorities, and the place is fit to be occupied by people. An OC is issued by the local civic bodies of the relevant area. Without an Occupancy Certificate, a builder cannot guarantee basic civil amenities, and there is a high chance that the building is illegally formed, or is qualified under the category of land under construction. Occupancy Certificate and Completion Certificate Completion Certificate: On conclusion of the construction, the developer or the landlord of the premises has to appeal for a Completion Certificate to the local municipal officials. If the developed building suits as per the declared norms, the qualified officer will issue a copy of the completion certificate. Occupancy Certificate: Once the applicant acquires the Completion Certificate, they have to further apply for an Occupation Certificate from the local municipal officials. Occupancy certificate certifies that the building has complied with all the essential building rules and regulations. This certificate is distributed by the local municipal corporation officer or by the department of urban local bodies that provide no objection to the buildings as per the prescribed laws. An Occupancy Certificate is granted if the construction has been completed in all phases. What is the Importance of an Occupancy Certificate? The Occupancy Certificate is a necessary legal document to authorize the safety of the building. Obtaining an Occupancy Certificate is important before moving into a place to eliminate the risk of lawful eviction and demolition. Without an OC, the municipal corporation does not supply the house with water, electricity, and sanitation connections. The building must also be deemed as ‘not a fire hazard’ to prevent any disasters in the future. The OC is also required while availing loans from banks or other financial organizations. Most importantly, one cannot resell the property at a good price without having an occupancy certificate first. Therefore, one must ensure you have an Occupancy Certificate before legally stating the property is your own. Eligibility Criteria The person applying for the occupancy certificate should have already completed the building construction under the regulations or provisions of the Development plan in the state of Gujarat. Documents Required No objection certificate from the Local Municipal Corporation/Council/Nagar Panchayat concerning land use as per Master/Zonal Plan, if applicable. No objection certificate from the Inspector of Factories in case of industrial Constructions as well as from the Pollution Control Board. No objection certificate should be acquired from the Controller of Explosives and Chief Fire Officer in case of hazardous buildings. Indemnity Bond in case of the proposal for the construction of a basement. NOC from the adjacent properties/ plots/roads for construction of basement from the concerned authority. Photographs of building and site showing dustbin, trees and Rainwater Harvesting. The Roadside drain along with the Road is to be constructed at the cost of the builder connecting the main outlet of the area. Clearance from Gujarat Ground Water Control & Regulation Authority to be obtained for boring for extraction of water. For building above seven-storied, Party shall submit detail structural design for proof checking by SDRP at least a month before the start of construction. Form No. 27 to be provided by the applicant and Registered Technical Personnel jointly for Occupancy Certificate. Online Application Procedure for Occupancy Certificate Step 1: Please visit the official portal homepage of the Single Window Facilitation for investors portal of Rajasthan. Step 2:  Click on ‘Login’ button to proceed further with User Name and Password and the Captcha code displayed on the page. Click on ‘Login’ button to log in to the portal. Step 3: once you logged in into the website with details, you can view a dashboard on your page where you will notice a status summary of your application. For new users will be visible as NIL as they have not applied any requests in the portal. Step 4: Once the user logged in to the portal, He / She needs to go to Create Project to Add the Project. After clicking on Add Project, there will be five areas where the applicant must fill up the required information. Step 5: Then the First tab is Applicant Details, where the user must enter the user details like first, middle and last name along with designation, mobile number and email Id and click on save and next button. Step 6: The user will direct to the page company details like name of enterprise and Company Address, PAN card No, Company type, date of incorporation, etc. and click on save and next button to proceed to Project Details. Step 7: The user will go to Project Details like Name of Project, proposed work, project Address as shown Step 8: After adding Applicant, Company & Project details, enter Investment Details of Land, Plant & Machinery and Equipment along with registration number. Step 9: The user will select yes/no for several queries. For Building Permission Application, they have to choose Yes, from ULB on Do you need Building plan approval question and will get the application to their project request list. Step 10: The user once gets the message as ‘Your request has been saved successfully’, Click on the ok button which will be redirected to ‘Project Request List’. Step 11: The User will go to List of Approvals, in that under List of Pre-Establishment Approvals there is the application for Building Permission Application under Department Name Urban Development Department. Step 12: The User will select Authority and fill up the next tab details. Step 13: The User will then enter ‘Development Parameter’ like Permission Type, Development Area, Special Control Area, etc. Step 14:

The State Bank of India (SBI), considered as a banking and financial powerhouse offers a wide range of netbanking services, such as funds transferring, opening bank and FD accounts, availing loans and credit cards, etc. Additionally, it offers various other services that include passbook printing, checking account balance, demand draft preparation, cheque-book applications and much more. How to Reset Login SBI Password? When you have forgotten your SBI net banking login password, or you want to change the net banking password for security reasons, you can do it through the following three ways:  By visiting the bank branch Using the profile password Using details of ATM card How do I Change the Online SBI Login Password? Step 1: Visit the SBI Online website. Step 2: Click ‘Login’ under ‘Personal Banking’ section. Step 3: Click on the ‘Continue to Login’ button. Step 4: In the login screen, click ‘Forgot Username/ Login Password’. Step 5: A pop-up window will appear with a dropdown menu. Select the ‘Forgot My Login Password’ option and click ‘Next’. Step 6: In the following screen, provide details such as username, account number, date of birth, mobile number, country, and captcha code and click ‘Submit’. Step 7: An OTP will be sent to your registered mobile number. Enter this OTP on the screen and click ‘Confirm’. Step 8: You will be redirected to a page where you can reset the password. Select either ‘Using ATM Card Details’ or ‘Using Profile Password’ option and click ‘Submit’. Step 9: On the next screen, enter the required details, i.e. either your ATM card details or profile password, and click ‘Confirm’. Step 10: You will get the reference number along with a link below to return to the retail portal. Click on the link. How to Reset the Profile Password Through an ATM Debit Card? Step 1: Visit the SBI Online website. Step 2: Click ‘Login’ under ‘Personal Banking’ section. Step 3: Click on the ‘Continue to Login’ button. Step 4: In the login screen, click ‘Forgot Username/ Login Password’. Step 5: A pop-up window will appear with a dropdown menu. Select the ‘Forgot My Login Password’ option and click ‘Next’. Step 6: In the following screen, provide details such as username, account number, date of birth, mobile number, country, and captcha code and click ‘Submit’. Step 7: An OTP will be sent to your registered mobile number. Enter this OTP on the screen and click ‘Confirm’. Step 8: You will be redirected to a page where you can reset the password. Select ‘Using ATM Card Details’ and click ‘Submit’. Step 9: On the next screen, enter the your ATM card details and click ‘Confirm’. Step 10: You will get the reference number along with a link below to return to the retail portal. Click on the link. Step 11: Enter the new password and click ‘Submit’. You can login to SBI Netbanking by entering the new password. How Can I Reset My SBI Net Banking Password Without OTP? You can change your SBI net banking password offline or without an OTP by visiting the SBI bank branch, filling out the SBI internet banking password reset application, and submitting it to the bank officials. The bank officials will send you a new password through which you can log in to your SBI net banking account. FAQs What should I do if I forgot my SBI Net Banking User ID? If you forget your SBI Net Banking User ID, you can retrieve it by visiting the SBI Net Banking login page and selecting the “Forgot User ID” option. You will need to provide details such as your account number and registered mobile number to recover the User ID. Is it safe to reset the SBI Net Banking password online? Yes, SBI Net Banking password reset is safe as long as you follow the official SBI website. Ensure you do not share your password or OTP with anyone, and always access the website through secure, private devices.

E-Visa is a system developed with the aim of saving passengers from long-term and tiring bureaucratic procedures, as well as creating an alternative to visas issued at the borders.  Online users can apply for visas online to the countries they wish to visit. Those who are considering applying for a visa can obtain their travel documents if they meet the requirements through the e-visa system. Online visas are issued mainly for touristic purposes. This system is not yet implemented to work permits or student visas.  Eligibility Criteria Recreation travel/Sightseeing Casual travel to meet friends and relatives Medical treatment including the treatment under Indian systems of medicine and business purpose and no other purpose/activity. Attendant to the e-Medical visa holder Business purposes such as attending a conference/workshop/seminar organized by the Ministry of Indian Government, State Governments or UT Administrations etc. The Passport must hold at least 6 months validity from the date of arrival in India. The passport must have 2 blank pages for stamping by the Immigration Officer. The travellers must hold the return ticket or onward journey ticket In case of international traveller who holds the Pakistani Passport or Pakistani origin should apply for the regular Visa at Indian Mission. How to Get an E-Visa / Online Visa? Visa procedures and documents requested vary by country, but the process is generally the same for every country. In order to obtain an online visa, first of all, the country of destination must provide this service. Passengers with valid passports can pay the requested e-visa fee through their credit cards, then print out the document and pass directly through the border.  Many foreign citizens wishing to enter our country without going to any representative office or waiting in line to get approval, can directly apply for an e-visa only with their passport details. After completing the payment procedure, they can get their e-visas.  List of Countries Issuing E-Visas Countries that use the online visa application have been increasing as the years pass by. As of 2018, 25 countries around the world have been using this system:  USA, New Zealand, Armenia, Bahrain, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Gabon, Georgia, India, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Moldova, Myanmar, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Singapore, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sri Lanka, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Documents Required For e-Business Visa Scanned copy of Passport of the traveller showing the Photograph and Details Proof of Business Card/Visiting card of the travelling person or a letter from the Company stating the purpose of travel. Any invitation letter from the Indian parties that offers to conduct the business (optional) Recent passport-sized photograph For e-Business Visa – Foreign Faculty Visiting India under the Global Initiative for Academic Networks (GIAN) Scanned copy of Passport of the traveller showing the Photograph and Details Invitation letter from the host Institute or University Copy of the course brochure Copy of the sanction letter under GIAN course that is issued by the National Coordinating Institute Copy of outline of the courses to be taken up by the faculty For e-Conference Visa Scanned copy of Passport of the traveller showing the Photograph and Details Invitation from the organizer, which applicant would seek from this organiser. Political clearance certificate from the Ministry of External Affairs Event clearance certificate from the Ministry of Home Affairs For e-Tourist Visa Scanned copy of Passport of the traveller showing the Photograph and Details For e-Medical Visa Scanned copy of traveller’s Passport page showing the Photograph and Details Copy of RecommendationLetter from the concerned Hospital in India on its letterhead with the tentative date on which the admission has been suggested. For e-Medical Attendant Visa Scanned copy of Passport of the traveller showing the Photograph and Details Proof of relationship with the attendant Procedure for Applying e-Visa Step 1: The foreign national applicant has to access the official authorized portal for Visa Application to India. Step 2: Now the applicant will have to click on the “Apply here for e-Visa” link which directs to the e-Visa registration page. Step 3: Here the new e-Visa application will be displayed  Step 4: The applicant needs to enter the following required details on the e-Visa registration listed below: Select Passport Type Select Nationality/Port Of Arrival Enter Date of Birth/Email ID Expected Date of Arrival Select Visa Service Enter the details of the applicant/Passport details Enter the applicant’s address/family details Enter Profession/Occupation details of the applicant Enter details of the Visa sought Provide details of the visiting purpose Previous Visa/Currently valid visa details SAARC Country visit details Mark Yes or No questions Step 5: After entering all the requested details, click on the “save and continue” button. Step 6: The applicant will have to upload the photograph as per the following specifications: Format of the photograph to be in JPEG Size to be of minimum 10kb and maximum of 1mb The minimum dimensions to be of 350 pixels (width) * 350 pixels (height) Recent front faced photo with the white background to be uploaded by the applicant Do not crop the passport image to use it as your recent photograph. Kindly Upload the clear front-facing Step 7: Now, upload all the supporting documents that are mentioned above onto the portal before submitting the application. Then click on the “confirm” button. Step 8: The applicant is requested to verify the particulars that are filled in the application form. Note: In case of any provision of wrong information, the applicant shall face the legal action (including the refusal to enter Indian country or deportation) Step 9: After verification, click on the “verified and continue” button. Step 10: Now, the applicant has to click on the “Pay Now” button to make the requested payment which is payable through the relevant mode. tep 11: Upon making the payment, the applicant will receive an acknowledgement through the registered mobile number and email address for further reference. Step 12: The application id will be required for the status enquiry, e-Visa Printing and payment of visa processing fee. FAQs What is an eVisa for India? The eVisa for India is an electronic visa that allows foreign nationals to travel to India for tourism, business, medical purposes, or conferences. It is a simplified online process that eliminates the need to

The Companies Act, 2013 was introduced to motivate the companies to be on a “Jet Set Go” motto with compliance and transparency being the key. Among the multifarious issues outlined in this act, Related Party Transactions took a turn, and this is a term that has been making all companies edgy about the complexities surrounding it for umpteen years. Related Party Transaction In Corporate Business, a Related Party Transaction (RPT) is a transaction which takes place between two parties holding pre-existing connection or relation prior to the transaction. However, due to this, it will benefit each other ignoring the substantial interest of all the stakeholders. Transactions with related parties need not always be disadvantageous. The concern arises only when there is abuse of a related party transaction on account of conflict of interest and non-arm’s length dealings which are beneficial to a related party but detrimental to other stake holders. Therefore, transparency in such transactions is essential in the interest of stakeholders and good corporate governance. To develop the legal fabric in respect of RPTs, the necessary provisions are enshrined under the Companies Act, 2013 Who is a Related Party? According to Section 2(76) of the Act, ‘related party’, with reference to a company, means A director or his relative, Key Managerial Personnel or his relative, A Firm in which companies director, manager, or relative is partner, A Private Company in which our companies director, manager, or relative is member or director in such private company, Any body corporate whose board of director, managing director, or manger is required act in accordance with the advice, directions or instructions of company’s director or manager, But this condition will not be applicable, where directions are followed in professional capacity Holding, Subsidiary or Associate of such company Any Company which is subsidiary of a holding company to which it is also a subsidiary *Relative – with reference to any person, means any one who is related to another, if-– they are members of Hindu Undivided Family;-they are husband and wife; or-one person is related to the other in such manner as may be prescribed Legal Mechanism for Related Party Transactions Related Transactions are not banned, they are regulated by section -188 of the Act, so that it can be disclosed to the board of directors or shareholders to ratify them. If the transactions are beyond the threshold limits, then it is required to be disclosed in General Meeting for approval by Special Resolution. The Act provides for approval of all transactions with related parties except with respect to transactions with a wholly owned subsidiary. Approval by the Board is necessary if the transaction with a related party is covered under Section 188(1) of the Act but does not exceed the thresholds under Rule 15(3) of the Companies (Meetings of the Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014. However, approval of the shareholders is required in all cases where the transaction exceeds the thresholds referred to above. If the transaction is in the ordinary course of business and on arm’s length basis then approval of the Audit committee will be necessary (under section 177(4)(iv) of the Act) but approval of the Board is not necessary to be obtained. Further, he Act requires disclosure of related party transactions in the Directors’ Report. Specified Contracts between a Company & Related Party which requires shareholder approval:- S. No. Transactions              Threshold Limit 1 Sale, purchase or supply of any goods or materials   Amounting to 10% or more of Turnover of the company or Rs. 100 Crore, Whichever is Lower 2 Selling, buying property of any kind   Amounting to 10% or more of Net worth of the company or Rs. 100 Crore, Whichever is Lower 3 Leasing of property of any kind Amounting to 10% or more of Net worth of the company or 10% or more of turnover of the Company or Rs. 100 Crore, Whichever is Lower 4 Availing or rendering of any services   Amounting to 10% or more of turnover of the company or Rs. 50 Crore, Whichever is Lower 5 Appointment of agent for purchase or sale of goods, materials, services or property   Amounting to 10% or more of turnover of the company or Rs. 100 Crore, Whichever is Lower 6         Appointment to any office or place of profit in the company, associate company, or subsidiary company   Exceeding Rs. 2,50,000/ – per month       7 Underwriting of securities or derivatives thereof, of the company   Exceeding 1% of Net Worth SEBI Governs Related Parties and Related Party Transactions The SEBI Clause 49 also states certain regulatory requirements for related party transactions. It defines a related party transaction as a transaction that includes the transfer of resources/services/obligation. Its scope is of a wider range than the Companies Act 2013. It includes close family members of directors or key managerial personnel, a private company in which directors or key managerial personnel plus their relatives have control or significant influence. Every related party transaction which is material has to be approved by the shareholders by passing a special resolution and all related parties shall not be allowed to vote on such resolutions. FAQs What is a Related Party Transaction (RPT)? A Related Party Transaction (RPT) refers to a transaction between a company and its related parties, such as directors, key managerial personnel (KMP), or their relatives, or entities where these individuals have significant influence or control. These transactions can include the sale or purchase of goods, services, assets, or leasing arrangements. What is Section 188 of the Companies Act, 2013? Section 188 of the Companies Act, 2013 regulates Related Party Transactions (RPTs). It specifies the conditions under which a company can enter into transactions with its related parties. The section outlines requirements for approval and disclosure of such transactions to ensure transparency and prevent misuse of power.

Creating a business name is an important first step in setting up your business, as it represents your brand, attracts potential customers, and gives people a glimpse into what you do. how to create effective business names 1. Reflect Your Business’s Purpose Think about what you want to convey through your name. It could be the service you offer, the industry you’re in, or the value you bring to customers. Example: For a sustainable clothing brand, names like EcoWear or GreenThread highlight the eco-friendly focus. 2. Use Keywords Related to Your Industry Using industry-specific words helps people instantly understand what your business is about. A name that hints at your niche can make your brand more memorable. Example: For a bakery, names like Bakehouse Bliss or Sweet Crumbs signal the product type right away. 3. Combine Two Relevant Words Many businesses combine two words to make a unique, catchy name. Combining words can also set you apart, especially if the words have a fresh connection to your brand. Example: For a tech repair service, names like TechFixer or DeviceDojo combine tech-related terms with a service indicator. 4. Use Rhyming or Alliteration Rhyming or using alliteration can make a business name more catchy and easier to remember. This method is especially effective for consumer-focused brands. Example: For a fitness studio, names like FitFlow or PulsePoint are memorable and have a rhythmic feel. 5. Create a Portmanteau A portmanteau is a blend of two words to create a new one. This is a fun and creative way to make a name that is unique and relevant. Example: For a coffee and co-working space, Cafework combines “cafe” and “work.” 6. Keep It Simple and Easy to Spell Complicated names are harder to remember and can lead to misspellings when people search for your business. Keep it short, simple, and easy to type. Example: For an online shop, names like ShopEase or SimpleGoods are direct and easy to remember. 7. Use Descriptive Words with a Unique Twist A name that describes what you do with a twist can make it stand out. Adding an uncommon word or a clever twist adds personality to your brand. Example: For a landscaping service, GreenHaven or NatureScape suggest greenery with a twist. 8. Consider Future Growth Choose a name that isn’t too limiting. If you plan to expand your product or service range, a versatile name gives you room to grow without rebranding. Example: Instead of The Shirt Store, something like UrbanWear allows for expansion into other types of apparel. 9. Check for Availability Before finalizing your name, check that it’s available as a domain name and on social media platforms. This makes it easier to build a consistent brand presence. Tip: Many online tools can help you check domain and social media handle availability, like Namechk or GoDaddy. 10. Test It with Your Target Audience Once you have a few options, test them with potential customers or friends. Feedback can help you understand how the name is perceived and whether it resonates with your audience. FAQs Why is Choosing the Right Business Name Important? A business name is the first impression for customers and plays a crucial role in brand identity. It reflects your company’s values, mission, and the products or services you offer. A memorable, clear, and unique name can help you stand out in the market. What Makes a Good Business Name? A good business name is memorable, easy to spell and pronounce, and relevant to your business. It should be unique, avoiding similarities with existing brands, and ideally have an available domain name for online presence.

Food Business Operators (FBO) shall inform the relevant Authority of any modifications or additions or changes in product category, layout, expansion, closure, or any other material information based on which the license was granted in order to ensure that the Registering or Licensing Authority always has up-to-date information on their food business establishments. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) was organized in 2008 under the instruction of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare with following all rules and guidelines about food safety. The FSSAI license is required for all food businesses that provide the service and provide any product in the market that is related to food. The FSSAI license is important for all food businesses; it is one type of confirmation for the FSSAI about the safe product. FSSAI is a license that is very helpful for any food business; it contains lots of benefits with that license. There are various added advantages of having an FSSAI license apart from freely indulging in the manufacture and distribution of food items. Legal Benefits: When it comes to the food industry there are various types of rules and regulations about food safety and management and you must have to follow all the rules. The FSSAI licenses provide you many legal advantages. Quality Assurance:   having the FSSAI logo linked with your brand name can support developing trust and quality assurance among the target crowd. People can easily invest and approach your business and food market if they know that you have a license from FSSAI. Types of FSSAI Modifications There are two types of Modification in food licence or Registration certificate : Form C modification : The modification that alters the information contained in the license certificate is called Form C modification.The licence certificate contains below information: Name of FBO Address Of Food Unit Kind of Business Category of Food Licence Product details   Non Form C Modification : Those modifications which do not result in change in the particulars mentioned in licence certificate is covered under non form C modification. For example : Change in nomination Change in technical staff KChange in contact details of applicant or its director/partner/member How to change the address in the FSSAI license? Step 1: Go to the official website of the FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) that is https://www.fssai.gov.in And login with your credentials that you provide while the registration of FSSAI. Step 2: After that click on the Modification tab that is located on the website and chooses the Apply for Modification in the License Tab and clicks on that option that redirects you to the modification page. Step 3: To make any modification on any License, select the option where modification is to be made and Click on ‘Proceed‘, here you have to carefully fill in the updated information that you want to change. Step 4: Once clicked on the proceed link the correction process has to be completed. Otherwise, the selected license will be displayed under the “Incomplete Application” section. In order to continue clicking on the OK button and make the necessary modification and then submit the details. FAQs What is an FSSAI License? The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) license is a mandatory registration for businesses involved in food manufacturing, processing, storage, distribution, and sale in India. It ensures that the business complies with food safety regulations. Why is it Important to Update the Address on an FSSAI License? Updating the address on your FSSAI license is crucial to maintain compliance with food safety laws. An accurate address ensures that official communications, inspections, and audits are conducted smoothly and legally.

A global depositary receipt (GDR) is a negotiable financial instrument issued by a depositary bank. It represents shares in a foreign company and trades on the local stock exchanges in investors’ countries. GDRs make it possible for a company (the issuer) to access investors in capital markets beyond the borders of its own country. Global Depository Receipts (GDR) Meaning GDRs are a way for foreign companies to raise capital in foreign markets without having to list their shares on the local stock exchange. Instead, a bank buys the shares of the foreign company and issues GDRs in exchange. The bank holds the underlying shares and issues GDRs representing those shares to investors. GDRs are denominated in a currency such as US dollars and traded on international stock exchanges. This allows investors to invest in foreign companies without having to deal with the complexities of investing in a foreign stock exchange, while also providing companies with access to a broader pool of international investors. Characteristics of Global Depository Receipts Here are some key characteristics of Global Depository Receipts (GDRs): 1.    Denomination: GDRs are typically denominated in a currency such as US dollars or euros.2.    Issuers: GDRs are issued by banks or financial institutions in foreign countries on behalf of foreign companies that wish to raise capital from international investors.3.    Ownership: GDRs represent ownership in a foreign company. The underlying shares are held by the bank or financial institution that issues the GDRs.4.    Trading: GDRs are traded on international stock exchanges, allowing investors to invest in foreign companies without having to deal with the complexities of investing in a foreign stock exchange.5.    Dividends: GDR holders are entitled to receive dividends and other distributions from the underlying shares.6.    Conversion: GDRs can be converted into the underlying shares at the option of the holder.7.    Regulatory requirements: GDRs are subject to regulatory requirements in the country of issuance and the country where they are traded. Global depository receipts in the Indian market The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) published a comprehensive framework to issue Depository Receipts (DR) in October 2019. The new rules allow easier access to foreign capital through GDRs and ADRs. The International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) in Gujarat allows Indian companies to list their global receipts to raise funds through foreign sources. They can only offer their shares on overseas exchanges through GDRs. GDRs can be issued by private placement, public offering or any other method acceptable in the relevant jurisdiction, according to the new rules.  Indian companies who want to issue GDRs must get Ministry of Finance and FIPB clearance. Only listed companies can issue GDRs in overseas marketplaces. GDRs allow investors to gain access to international companies’ capital markets without dealing with language, currency or tax restrictions. An Indian company that wants its shares to be listed on foreign stock exchanges, such as the London and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges, except the US stock exchange, can use a GDR. The Indian company should engage with a foreign depository bank in a depositary receipt agreement. These banks issue shares on their respective stock exchanges based on regulatory compliance in both nations. Following are a few Indian companies that have issued GDRs: UPL is listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange Aditya Birla Capital is listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange GAIL India is listed on the London Stock Exchange What is GDR in the stock market? GDRs are negotiable certificates that represent ownership of a specified number of shares of a company issued by depositary banks. They can be traded and listed independently from the underlying shares. Foreign companies can trade in a country’s stock market through GDRs, except the US stock market. Those holding GDRs can surrender them to the bank and convert them into shares. GDRs are listed on non-US stock exchanges like the Luxembourg or London Stock Exchange. The GDR market is institutional and thus offers low liquidity but allows trading across many significant countries. GDR is the only way through which Indian companies can make their shares available on various foreign exchanges. Thus, the company can use the issued negotiable certificates to raise funds outside of India by trading the shares on foreign exchanges. The value of a GDR depends on the value of the underlying share. But, the shares in the foreign country are settled and traded separately from the underlying share. Usually, 1 GDR is equivalent to 10 underlying shares. However, the GDR to the number of shares ratio can differ. Global Depository Receipts Example- Infosys In 2013, Infosys issued 30 million GDRs, each representing one share of Infosys, on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.  The GDRs were issued by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. and represented approximately 2.2% of the company’s outstanding shares. The GDRs were priced at $14.58 per share and raised a total of $438 million. By issuing GDRs, Infosys was able to raise capital from international investors without having to list its shares on a foreign stock exchange. The GDRs were listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and traded like regular shares, allowing investors to invest in Infosys without the need to navigate the Indian stock market. The GDRs also provided Infosys with access to a broader pool of international investors and helped to improve liquidity for the company’s shares. FAQs What Is the Meaning of Global Depositary Receipt? A global depositary receipt is a negotiable certificate issued by a bank. The certificate represents shares in a foreign company traded on a local stock exchange. GDRs give companies access to greater capital and investors the opportunity to invest in the equity of foreign companies. What Are Some Features of GDRs? GDRs can be listed on multiple global stock exchanges, They also provide investors with the benefits and rights of the underlying shares, which could include dividends. GDRs trade like shares and can be bought and sold throughout the day via a standard brokerage account.

For many people, owning a business is their dream. However, the majority of them are plagued by a very basic question – how can I launch a small business. Everyone who wants to establish their own business or is an aspiring entrepreneur will get something . Every business has its pros and cons, it’s just about the best business ideas to make money. It is just about which business you have the passion and zeal to crack. Your skillset also matters a lot in achieving the target. You should be confident enough to implement the skills you possess and manage to overcome the upcoming challenges.  Why do you Need to Start a Small Business? There are many reasons to turn the question of how to start a small business into reality. Small business startups are very crucial to the Indian economy, increase self-reliance, and create employment opportunities. If you have a small business plan to implement, go for it! Did you know that your thoughts on how to start a small business have the following benefits: You can be financially independent  You can follow your passion by following your dreams on how to start with small business You can start a small business startup from home or your basement You can make your own rule and be your own boss With small business startup, you can take advantage of the MSME benefits provided by the government There’s creative freedom You can manage time and find professional personal life balance Small business startups make you self-reliant and you can make your own destiny Introduce new ideas, niche products, and services in the market How to Start with a Small Business Identify a Business Idea Before taking any steps, it’s essential to identify a sound business idea. A well-thought-out plan of your business and how it will operate is essential to succeed in the marketplace. Take time to thoroughly research both the industry and the local competition – you’ll be thankful you did at each step of the way. Identifying your customer base and how you can provide value is critical — after all, this is what will set your business apart from others. Research your Business Idea When it comes to how to start a small business, research is essential. Every aspect of your idea needs to be thoroughly explored to give yourself the best shot at success. Begin by exploring the market and your competitive landscape. Make sure you understand who exactly you are vying for customer attention and how they are likely to respond to your offerings. Secondly, crunch the numbers of how much capital you will need both upfront, as well as what kind of investments can be expected in the long term for marketing or expansion efforts. Understanding how much it will cost – now and down the line – is vital in formulating a winning strategy before launching a small business. A good answer to how to start a small scale business is dropshipping. Create a Business Plan/ Pitch Creating a business plan is one of the most important steps of how to start a small business. While it’s intimidating, it can simplify the entire process and make decisions easier. Having essential points outlined in the business plan can clarify how to proceed, utilize funds wisely, assess potential opportunities and risks, and create long-term goals. Additionally, presenting a business plan outlines how serious you are about your venture. It presents potential financial backers with tangible data they can consider when debating how to invest in your project or idea. It’s also valuable self-reflection because it forces you to think through all angles before moving forward with your idea. Identify Target Market When you’re thinking about how to start a small business, one of the first issues to consider is identifying your target market. It’s critical that you understand who you are marketing to if you want to succeed; without this knowledge, how will you choose appropriate activities and develop a strategy? Secure Financing One of the essential aspects when it comes to how to start a small business is securing sufficient finance. Without the right resources, you could find yourself without the necessary tools and equipment that your business requires to begin trading. It is important to consider how much finance will be needed to cover the initial start up costs without overextending yourself financially. There are many different options available such as taking out a loan, using personal finances, or securing an investor, so it is important to weigh up which one works best for your situation. Establish Business Strategy A well-organized business strategy is essential for how to start a small business and should include factors like how to differentiate your venture from competitors, how each part of the company will function, how resources and finances will be allocated, how products and services will be marketed and how customer engagement will take shape. Planning out each step with precision is key to starting any business on solid footing. Select a Business Name Naming your business is one of the most important steps when it comes to how to start a small business. Choosing the best name can give you an advantage in advertising, marketing and building your reputation. It needs to be simple, easy to remember, and unique to stand out from the competition and accurately reflect what your business offers and how it makes customers feel. Take as much time as necessary to curate a memorable name that will serve as a cornerstone of your company’s identity. Complete the Registration Process If you are starting a small business, you must complete the registration process first. There is a range of different things to consider when becoming an official business. This includes filling out paperwork with pertinent information such as your business name and type, how many partners and employees you will have, how costs will be divided among partners, and how profits will be distributed. Additionally, how you set up your business structure can affect

A Sathin is a local-level worker or volunteer in India, particularly in Rajasthan, involved in women’s empowerment and development programs. The term “Sathin” originates from Hindi, meaning “companion” or “supporter.” These workers play a crucial role in implementing social programs at the grassroots level, especially focusing on women’s issues, child welfare, and community development. The Sathin Program was initiated under the Women Development Program (WDP) in Rajasthan. This program started in the 1980s to address issues like gender inequality, child marriage, female literacy, domestic violence, and women’s economic empowerment. Role and Responsibilities of Sathins Awareness Generation: Sathins are responsible for raising awareness on social issues such as gender equality, health and hygiene, education, and legal rights for women. Community Mobilization: They work to mobilize women and encourage participation in development programs and activities aimed at enhancing women’s skills and livelihoods. Facilitating Government Programs: Sathins are often the link between the community and government schemes, such as maternal and child health programs, vaccination drives, and education initiatives. Advocacy and Counseling: They provide counseling and support for women facing domestic violence or any form of discrimination, guiding them on legal rights and services available to them. Skill Development and Training: Many Sathins are involved in training women in vocational skills, promoting self-employment, and encouraging economic independence. Qualifications and Selection Process Typically, Sathins are women from the local community who have a minimum level of education (often a primary or secondary education). They are chosen based on community support and their willingness to work on social development issues. Challenges Faced by Sathins Low Wages: Sathins are often volunteers or receive minimal compensation for their work, which can make sustaining their role challenging. Social Resistance: As they address sensitive issues like domestic violence and gender inequality, they may face resistance from within their own communities. Limited Resources: They frequently lack adequate resources or logistical support from higher authorities, which limits their effectiveness. Impact of Sathin Program The Sathin Program has brought significant changes at the grassroots level, especially in Rajasthan. It has empowered women in rural areas to stand up for their rights, participate in economic activities, and access essential services. This has led to better awareness of health, education, and legal rights among women in these communities. Sathin List A Sathin List refers to a list of active Sathins in a particular area or district. This list includes details like their names, areas of operation, contact details, and sometimes their specific roles or responsibilities within the community. The list is often maintained by the local Women and Child Development Department or other governmental bodies that oversee the Sathin program. This helps track the deployment and work progress of Sathins across different regions. FAQs What is SATHIN? SATHIN (Social Activist Taking Health Initiatives) is a program initiated to empower women, particularly in rural areas, by involving them in social, health, and community welfare activities. The program aims to raise awareness about health, nutrition, education, and women’s rights in the community. What is the role of a SATHIN worker? A SATHIN worker serves as a grassroots social worker, providing guidance and support to local communities. Their responsibilities include educating women on health issues, promoting literacy, supporting maternal and child health, and helping women understand their legal rights. They also work to reduce social issues like child marriage and domestic violence.

Marriage registration is a crucial legal process in Rajasthan that provides official recognition to a marital union. The Rajasthan Government’s Registrar of Marriages oversees the registration procedure, which is simple and mandatory under the law. Couples can register their marriages online or offline by submitting the required documents, including age proof, residence proof, and wedding invitation card. Acts for Registering Marriage in Rajasthan Marriages performed within the borders of the enchanting state of Rajasthan are governed by either the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, or the Special Marriage Act, 1954. The registration process for these marriages can be conducted online or through designated Registrar offices. Upon successful registration, a marriage certificate is issued, providing legal recognition to the union Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Marriages Performed under Hindu Customs: The act is applicable to marriages solemnised as per Hindu customs and rituals. Bride and Groom Should be Hindus: Both the bride and the groom must be Hindus to fall under the purview of this act. Age Requirements: The groom should be at least 21 years old, and the bride should have attained the age of 18 at the time of marriage. Jurisdiction of Registering Officer: The jurisdiction of the Registering Officer in Rajasthan should cover one of the following places: Residence of the groom Residence of the bride Place of solemnisation Special Marriage Act, 1954 To register a special marriage in Rajasthan, the following criteria must be met: Age Requirements: The groom must be at least 21 years old, and the bride should have completed 18 years at the time of the marriage ceremony. Registration Places: Special marriages can be registered at any of the following locations: Registrar Officer in the residence of the groom Registrar Officer in the residence of the bride Registrar Officer at the place of solemnisation Notice of Intended Marriage: For special marriage registration, a notice of intended marriage is first issued. If there are no objections to the marriage within 30 days from the notice, the marriage is registered. Benefits of Applying for Marriage Registration Rajasthan Proof of Marriage: The marriage certificate serves as official proof of the marital union between a woman and her spouse, providing legal recognition to their relationship. Social Security and Confidence: For a married woman, having a valid marriage certificate instils a sense of social security and self-confidence, as it attests to her legally recognised marital status. Financial Benefits: The marriage certificate plays a crucial role in claiming various financial benefits, such as bank deposits or insurance-related benefits, for a spouse after the death of the policyholder in the absence of any nomination. Passport Application: The marriage certificate is essential for applying for a passport under the Tatkal scheme. Additionally, it facilitates the process of changing the spouse’s name in the passport. Legal Recognition: The marriage certificate provides legal recognition to the marriage in various official and legal processes, making it a vital document for several administrative and legal matters. Property Rights: The marriage certificate establishes the legal basis for property rights and inheritance, safeguarding the interests of both spouses in matters of assets and properties. Visa and Immigration: The marriage certificate is often required for visa and immigration applications, making international travel and settlement smoother for married couples. Children’s Rights: A valid marriage certificate is essential for establishing parental rights and responsibilities, ensuring the welfare and rights of any children born within the marriage. Social and Cultural Functions: The marriage certificate is frequently required for participating in social and cultural functions, formalising the couple’s presence as a married unit in various events. Legal Protection: Having a registered marriage certificate provides legal protection to the couple’s rights and interests, offering recourse in case of any disputes or disagreements. Documents Required Age proof of both the groom and the bride. Address proof such as Ration card, Voter ID, Passport, or driving license. Additional address proof like Aadhaar Card, PAN Card, and Voter ID. Joint photograph of the couple. Completed application forms. Affidavit. Applying for Marriage Certificate through eMitra Centre Step 1: Complete the Application Form and Affix Photos: Begin by filling out the application form with all the necessary details. Affix recent photographs of both the bride and the groom as required. Step 2: Provide Details in Affidavit: Prepare an affidavit providing relevant details about the marriage, including the date, place of solemnisation, and the names of the bride and groom. Step 3: Visit the eMitra Centre: Head to the nearest eMitra centre in your location. Present the completed application form, affidavit, and all other required documents to the service centre representative. Step 4: Obtain the Application Receipt: After submitting the application and necessary documents, you will receive a receipt from the eMitra centre. This receipt acknowledges the submission of your application. Step 5: Collect the Marriage Certificate: Once the Registrar approves the application and verifies the provided information, you can collect the official marriage certificate from the Registrar’s office. FAQs What is Marriage Registration in Rajasthan? Marriage Registration is the process of legally recording a marriage between two individuals under the relevant laws in India. In Rajasthan, marriage registration is mandatory to obtain a legal acknowledgment of the marriage, which is essential for various legal and administrative purposes. Is It Mandatory to Register a Marriage in Rajasthan? While marriage registration is not mandatory under religious laws, it is highly recommended to ensure that the marriage is legally recognized. For couples who marry under the Special Marriage Act, marriage registration is compulsory.