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India has always been viewed as a market with enormous opportunities. Being an era of digitisation, many tech start-ups enter the market to capture the online audience. The hyper-growth of online restaurant discovery and food ordering system has paved the way for a lot of food tech startups to emerge in the industry. Zomato, India’s leading restaurant search and food delivery platform has changed the way consumers dine in recent years. The advent of this food delivery application has helped the users save time, effort, and money while improving the business for their restaurant partners. The company also gives the users, access to recommendations and reviews. Zomato Business Zomato is a global company that operates throughout 24 countries. The primary business model of Zomato is based on hyperlocal advertising on its website and mobile apps. The company serves the restaurant partners by offering them greater reach to consumers and helps their businesses to expand faster. Therefore, Zomato Registration with Zomato association can enable restaurants to gain more customers and grow a restaurant business by delivering more demands to a greater pool of customers. Eligibility Before applying for Zomato restaurant registration or to partner with Zomato, the restaurant should acquire the following. To be deemed as a business entity in India, Private Limited Registration, Partnership or LLP Registration is required. An FSSAI Registration or License According to the business turnover or business size and nature. Shop act License and GST Registration in India Registering a Restaurant on Zomato The process for Zomato restaurant registration involves the following: Adding the restaurant to Zomato Restaurant listing Acquiring a Registration on Zomato for Business app To Add Restaurant on Zomato: If any restaurant is not found in the Zomato Listing, the owner or the user can intimate by performing the given steps. Step 1: To add a restaurant in Zomato, visit the Add Restaurant Link and fill the registration form with restaurant name, phone number, city etc. Step 2: Then click on Add Restaurant to add the restaurant to the Zomato Listing. Once submitting the form, a Zomato executive will visit and collect documents such as PAN Card, Aadhar card, Copy of FSSAI registration, take pictures of restaurant etc. On successfully completing the restaurant verification, your restaurant will be added. Register the Restaurant in Zomato: Step 1: To obtain Zomato restaurant registration for Business app, visit the Zomato for Business App Link Step 2: Search your restaurant in the search bar to check whether the restaurant is listed on Zomato or not. If the restaurant is found in the Zomato listing then click on claim the listing. In other case, (if a restaurant is not available on Zomato) then Add your Restaurant to Zomato business listings by following the steps mentioned in the ‘To Add Restaurant on Zomato’ section. Step 3: When adding or claiming the restaurant on Zomato is done, scroll down below on Zomato for Business page where you will find a simple registration form. Step 4: Fill out the form mentioning the restaurant name, your name, phone number, e-mail address and city. The click on Submit. You can also contact Zomato for Business by giving a call  Step 5: After submitting the form to partner with Zomato, an executive from Zomato will contact you to verify the details provided. On verifying the account, your account on Zomato for business will be activated. Zomato Business App Before you use the Zomato for Business App, you need to claim your listing. Claim Now Download the app and login using the same credentials that are used to claim your listing. Start managing your restaurant directly from your smart phone. The registered partner can do the following with the Business App. Get real time notifications and reviews, and can easily answer reviews. Manage and your update your listing’s information online directly through your Smartphone or Computer. Promote your business by promos to existing and potential customers on Zomato Upload your special menu directly from the app Promote events such as musical events, food festivals etc. that are hosted in your establishment. Commission Charges for Zomato Registration Zomato currently charges a commission fee of 7% of the total orders from the restaurants under its food ordering business. This does not include delivery and payment gateway charges. For those restaurants that regulate less than 50 orders per week, a commission of 2.99% along with a platform fee of Rs 99 will be levied. No Commission Charges- To strengthen its hold in the food-tech space and to bring in high orders, no commission fees will be levied for restaurants that cross the weekly 50-order mark. For restaurants crossing the 500 order, the platform fees charged will be inversely proportional to the number of orders ranging down from Rs 799 to Rs 199. Guidelines for Restaurants Restaurant Name Users search for and identify places to eat or order from using Restaurant names. Restaurant names on Zomato must be written as they appear on the board outside the restaurant. Restaurant establishment types and taglines (unless the restaurant name is registered with the tagline) must not be mentioned in the name of the restaurant on Zomato. Restaurant abbreviations in the restaurant name is not accepted on Zomato. Restaurant Address The restaurant address guides diners to the restaurant. The address needs to be in a standardized format for easy understanding for users and for consistency. Do not add more than one landmark, and do not use abbreviations. Do not add other restaurant names as landmarks as it affects the searching results for other restaurants. Add the floor number along with name of the building if the restaurant is located above the ground floor for easy locating. Restaurant Features A diner is looks for these facilities when deciding about where to dine. These are called attribute tags on Zomato. The Pure Veg (no meat and egg)tag is used for restaurants that serve only vegetarian food Smoking Areatag is marked only for restaurants that have a separate smoking area as well as a non-smoking section. Happy Hoursare exclusively for restaurants that serve alcohol and that offer special offers or discounted rates during a period

“DIY” everywhere, and you probably already know what it stands for: “do it yourself.” It’s a pretty straightforward-sounding concept. But “DIY” might conjure up totally different images for different people, because really, it can be about so many things. Basically, DIY means that, instead of hiring a professional to do a particular task — or, instead of buying goods from a store or an artisan — you’re choosing to do that task or create those products yourself with no direct help from an expert. That doesn’t mean you can’t turn to resources for help — if you use a YouTube tutorial, or a book or blog post to find directions or get your project on the right track, it still counts as doing it yourself. DIY is really about you seeking out the knowledge and developing the skills you need to do something that you would normally pay someone else to do for you. What is DIY? DIY is short for Do-It-Yourself. It means carrying out home repairs, maintenance, and improvements yourself instead of hiring a professional. Interest in DIY took off after the Second World War. Changes such as growth in home ownership and the arrival of TV programs about home improvement helped to fuel the DIY movement. Why DIY in Business? Empowerment: DIY empowers entrepreneurs to take control of their own success and create opportunities where others see obstacles. Cost-effectiveness: DIY strategies often require minimal investment, making them ideal for bootstrapped startups and small businesses. Innovation: Embracing a DIY mindset encourages innovative thinking and out-of-the-box solutions to business challenges. Flexibility: DIY strategies can be customized to fit the unique needs and goals of your business, allowing for greater flexibility and adaptability. Getting Started with DIY in Business Identify areas for improvement: Take a critical look at your business and identify areas where DIY strategies could make a significant impact, such as marketing, product development, or customer service. Embrace experimentation: Don’t be afraid to try new things and experiment with different DIY approaches. Failure is often the first step toward success. Seek inspiration: Look to successful entrepreneurs and businesses for inspiration and ideas on how to incorporate DIY into your own business practices. Stay resourceful: Use the resources and tools available to you – whether it’s online tutorials, networking opportunities, or community support – to fuel your DIY endeavors. DIY Marketing Strategies 1. Social Media DIY DIY in Action: Take a hands-on approach to managing your social media presence by creating engaging content, responding to comments and messages, and building relationships with your followers. Benefits: DIY social media allows you to showcase your brand’s personality, connect with your audience on a personal level, and drive engagement without relying on expensive agencies or consultants. 2. Content Creation DIY in Action: Create your own blog posts, videos, or podcasts to share valuable insights, tips, and information related to your industry. Use DIY tools and resources to produce high-quality content that resonates with your target audience. Benefits: DIY content creation establishes you as a thought leader in your industry, attracts organic traffic to your website, and provides valuable resources for your audience. 3. Guerrilla Marketing DIY in Action: Get creative with guerrilla marketing tactics such as street art, flash mobs, or viral stunts to generate buzz and capture the attention of your target market. Benefits: DIY guerrilla marketing is cost-effective, memorable, and can generate significant media coverage and social media buzz for your business. DIY Problem-Solving Techniques In business, challenges are inevitable, but with a DIY mindset, you can turn obstacles into opportunities. Here are some DIY problem-solving techniques to help you overcome common business challenges: 1. Bootstrapping DIY in Action: Bootstrap your business by relying on your own resources and creativity to fund your operations, rather than seeking outside investors or loans. Benefits: DIY bootstrapping allows you to maintain control of your business, avoid debt, and develop resourcefulness and resilience as an entrepreneur. 2. DIY Customer Service DIY in Action: Take a proactive approach to customer service by personally addressing customer inquiries, feedback, and complaints. Use DIY tools and techniques to streamline communication and provide exceptional customer experiences. Benefits: DIY customer service builds trust and loyalty with your customers, fosters positive word-of-mouth referrals, and helps you gain valuable insights into customer needs and preferences. 3. Problem-Solving Workshops DIY in Action: Host problem-solving workshops or brainstorming sessions with your team to tackle business challenges collaboratively. Use DIY techniques such as mind mapping, role-playing, or rapid prototyping to generate innovative solutions. Benefits: DIY problem-solving workshops foster creativity, teamwork, and a culture of innovation within your organization, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions to business challenges. FAQs Is DIY in business suitable for all types of businesses? DIY in business can be beneficial for businesses of all sizes and industries, but it may be especially well-suited for startups and small businesses with limited resources. How can I convince my team to embrace a DIY mindset? Lead by example and demonstrate the value of DIY strategies through tangible results and success stories. Encourage experimentation, creativity, and a willingness to take calculated risks. What if I don’t have experience with DIY or specific business skills? Don’t let lack of experience hold you back! Embrace a growth mindset and be willing to learn new skills and techniques. There are plenty of resources available – both online and offline – to help you develop your DIY skills and business acumen. Practice area’s of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company

Venture capital (VC) is generally used to support startups and other businesses with the potential for substantial and rapid growth. VC firms raise money from limited partners (LPs) to invest in promising startups or even larger venture funds.  What Is a Venture Capitalist? A venture capitalist (VC) is a private equity investor that provides capital to companies with high growth potential in exchange for an equity stake. A VC investment could involve funding startup ventures or supporting small companies that wish to expand but have no access to the equities markets. Venture capitalist firms are usually formed as limited partnerships (LPs) where the partners invest in the VC fund. A committee is usually tasked with making investment decisions. Once those promising emerging growth companies are identified, the pooled investor capital is deployed to fund these companies in exchange for a sizable equity stake. Contrary to common belief, VCs do not normally fund a startup at its outset. Instead, VCs seek to target firms bringing in revenue and looking for more money to commercialize their ideas. The VC fund will buy a stake in these firms, nurture their growth, and look to cash out with a substantial return on investment (ROI).Venture capitalists typically look for companies with a strong management team, a large potential market, and a unique product or service with a strong competitive advantage. They also look for opportunities in industries that they are familiar with, as well as the chance to own a large percentage of the company so that they can influence its direction. How Does Venture Capital Work? Entities offering VC invest in a company until it attains a significant position and then exits the same. In an ideal scenario, investors infuse capital in a company for 2 years and earn returns on it for the next 5 years. Expected returns can be as high as 10x of the invested capital. Financial venture capital can be offered by – Venture capital firms, Investment banks and other financial institutions, High net worth individuals (Angel investors), etc. Venture capital firms create venture capital funds – a pool of money collected from other investors, companies, or funds. These firms also invest from their own funds to show commitment to their clients. Venture Capital Structure The general structure of the roles within a venture capital firm varies among firms, but they can be broken down into roughly three positions:  Associates: These individuals usually come to VC firms with experience in either business consulting or finance and, sometimes, degrees in business. They tend to do more analytical work, analyzing business models, industry trends, and sectors. They also work with the companies in a firm’s portfolio. Although they do not make key decisions, associates may introduce promising companies to the firm’s upper management. Principals: A principal is a mid-level professional. They usually serve on the boards of portfolio companies and ensure that they operate without major hiccups. Principals are also in charge of identifying investment opportunities for VC firms and negotiating terms for both acquisition and exit. Principals are on a “partner track” that depends on the returns they can generate from the deals they make.  Partners: The higher profile partners primarily identify areas or specific businesses to invest in, approve deals (whether investments or exits), occasionally sit on the board of portfolio companies, and generally represent their VC firms. When Should One Go for Venture Capital Funding? At the stage of expansion- If your next plan is to expand your business, opting for funding through venture capitalists is a good option. Doing so can help you encash their business, financial and legal expertise which is usually required while business expansion. Requirement of strong mentoring- A venture capitalist brings in a lot of expertise, knowledge, and networking along with his capital investment. You can utilize their guidance to build your own network, promote your business with their direction and ultimately make it reach bigger heights. At the time of competition- Once a start-up has gained a substantial reach and is most likely to face competition in the real market, it is the correct time to go for venture capital funding for surviving and giving tough competition to others. Types of Venture Capital VC can be categorised as per the stage in which it is being invested. Generally, it is of the following 6 types – # Type Definition  1 Seed funding As the same suggests, seed funding or seed capital is the capital invested to help entrepreneur(s) conduct initial activities for setting up a company. This can include product research & development, market research, business, business plan creation, etc.   Seed funding may also be provided by the owners themselves or their family members and friends. 2 Start-up capital Start-up capital is often used interchangeably with seed funding. However, there are minor differences.   Usually, business owners avail start-up capital after they have completed the processes that involve seed funding. It can be used to create a product prototype, hire crucial management personnel, etc. 3 First stage, first round or series A First stage is provided to businesses that have a product and want to start commercial manufacturing, sales, and marketing. 4 Expansion funding As the name suggests, expansion capital is the fund required by a company to expand its operations. The funds can be used to tap new markets, create new products, invest in new equipment and technology, or even acquire a new company. 5 Late-stage funding Late-stage funding is offered to businesses that have achieved success in commercial manufacturing and sales. Companies in this stage may have tremendous growth in revenue but not show any profit. 6 Bridge funding Also known as mezzanine financing, bridge funding helps a company to meet its short-term expenses necessary to create an initial public offering (IPO). Features of Venture Capital Some of the features of venture capital are – Not for large-scale industries – VC is particularly offered to small and medium-sized businesses. Invests in high risk/high return businesses – Companies that are eligible for VC are usually those that offer high return

Rajasthan Udyog Mitra Portal is an online portal developed by the State Government of Rajasthan. It is designed to facilitate the online MSME registration of new entrepreneurs. The new Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises can avail of the benefits of exemptions by applying through the Rajasthan Udyog Mitra portal. MSMEs or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises play a significant role in the growth and development of the Indian economy. The MSME sector has emerged as the backbone of the Indian economy, providing employment opportunities to a significant portion of the population. The Government of India and various state governments have launched several schemes and initiatives to promote and support the growth of MSMEs. One such initiative is the MSME registration process, which provides various benefits to MSMEs Meaning of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) MSME is a sector that is primarily focused on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises. In India, MSMEs are defined under the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006. The Act has classified MSMEs into two categories: manufacturing and service enterprises. Manufacturing enterprises are engaged in the production or manufacture of goods, while service enterprises are engaged in providing or rendering services. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a crucial component of the Indian economy. They are essential for generating employment, increasing exports, and promoting economic growth. MSME Registration in Rajasthan The MSME registration process in Rajasthan is straightforward and can be done online through the Udyam Registration portal. The Udyam Registration portal is a government initiative that provides a single-window registration facility for MSMEs. The registration process is free of cost and does not involve any paperwork. Also, the Rajasthan government recognizes the importance of MSMEs and has implemented several initiatives to support their growth. MSME Classification he MSMED Act, 2006, classifies MSMEs based on the investment in plant and machinery or equipment for manufacturing enterprises and investment in equipment for service enterprises. The classification is as follows: Micro-Enterprises: Those with an investment of up to Rs. 1 crore in plant and machinery or equipment for manufacturing enterprises and investment of up to Rs. 10 lakhs in equipment for service enterprises. Small Enterprises: Those with an investment of up to Rs. 10 crores in plant and machinery or equipment for manufacturing enterprises and investment of up to Rs. 2 crores in equipment for service enterprises. Medium Enterprises: Those with an investment of up to Rs. 50 crores in plant and machinery or equipment for manufacturing enterprises and investment of up to Rs. 5 crores in equipment for service enterprises. Benefits of MSME registration in Rajasthan Access to Government Schemes: MSMEs registered in Rajasthan can avail various government schemes and incentives provided by the state and central government. These schemes aim to encourage the growth and development of MSMEs in the state. Financial Assistance: MSMEs registered in Rajasthan can easily avail financial assistance from banks and other financial institutions. This is because banks and financial institutions consider MSME registration as a sign of credibility and reliability. Protection from Delayed Payments: MSMEs registered in Rajasthan are protected under the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, which ensures timely payment of dues from buyers. Marketing and Promotional Activities: The Rajasthan government organizes various marketing and promotional activities for MSMEs registered in the state. This helps the businesses to expand their reach and attract more customers. Priority in Government Tenders: MSMEs registered in Rajasthan are given priority in government tenders. This gives them an edge over their competitors and helps them to grow their business. Documents Required for MSME Registration in Rajasthan The following documents are required for MSME registration in Rajasthan: Aadhaar card of the proprietor/partners/directors PAN card of the enterprise Bank account details of the enterprise GST registration certificate (if applicable) Business address proof (ownership or rental agreement) Procedure for MSME Registration in Rajasthan Step 1: Visit the Official Portal: The first step in the MSME registration process is to visit the official portal of the Ministry of MSMEs  Step 2: Fill in the Form: After clicking on the “Online Registration” tab, a new page will open where you need to fill in the registration form. The form requires basic information such as your name, Aadhaar number, PAN number, email ID, and mobile number. Step 3: Provide Business Details: In the next step, you need to provide details related to your business. The information required includes the name of the enterprise, type of organization, address, and date of commencement of operations. Step 4: Upload Documents: After filling in the required details, you need to upload the necessary documents. The documents required for MSME registration in Rajasthan are as follows: Aadhaar Card PAN Card Business Address Proof Bank Account Details Partnership Deed/ MOA/ AOA Step 5: Submit the Application: After uploading the documents, you need to submit the application. Once the application is submitted, an acknowledgement receipt will be generated. Step 6: Verification of Application: The MSME registration authority will verify the application, and after successful verification, the registration certificate will be issued. FAQs What is MSME registration, and why is it important? MSME registration is a government-initiated process that provides recognition to micro, small, and medium enterprises. It is important because it enables these businesses to avail various benefits and incentives offered by the government, such as subsidies, easier access to credit, and preferential treatment in government procurement. Who is eligible for MSME registration in Rajasthan? Any business entity engaged in manufacturing or service activities and meeting the defined investment and turnover criteria for micro, small, or medium enterprises is eligible for MSME registration in Rajasthan. What are the investment and turnover criteria for MSME classification in Rajasthan? The investment and turnover criteria vary for micro, small, and medium enterprises. In Rajasthan, these criteria are generally defined based on the investment in plant and machinery or equipment for manufacturing enterprises and on investment in equipment for service enterprises. Practice area’s of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST

A trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trademarks are protected by intellectual property rights. What Is a Trademark? The term trademark refers to a recognizable insignia, phrase, word, or symbol that denotes a specific product and legally differentiates it from all other products of its kind. A trademark exclusively identifies a product as belonging to a specific company and recognizes the company’s ownership of the brand. Trademarks are generally considered a form of intellectual property and may or may not be registered. Trademarks not only help distinguish products within the legal and business systems—but just as significantly—with consumers. They are used to identify and protect words and design elements that identify the source, owner, or developer of a product or service. They can be corporate logos, slogans, bands, or the brand name of a product. Similar to a trademark, a service mark identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product, and the term trademark is often used to refer to both trademarks and service marks. Using a trademark prevents others from using a company or individual’s products or services without their permission. They also prohibit any marks that have a likelihood of confusion with an existing one. This means that a business cannot use a symbol or brand name if it looks or sounds similar, or has a similar meaning to one that’s already on the books—especially if the products or services are related. For instance, a soft drink company can’t legally use a symbol that looks like that of Coca-Cola and it can’t use a name that sounds like Coke. 1. Trademarking a Brand Name- By trademarking your company’s name, you are protecting the brand, its reputation, and your ideas, all of which you undoubtedly invested a great deal of blood, sweat, and tear working on. And while the procedure for trademark registration itself will take time in all areas considered, nothing would be worse than not protecting your brand and potentially be faced with an infringement lawsuit from a larger company.The process of brand trademark registration in India is now possible and convenient through the trademark registration portal (IP India Portal) and you can trademark any one of the below things or even a combination of the following: – Letter     – Word     – Number     – Phrase     – Graphics     – Logo     – Sound Mark     – Smell or a mix of colors 2. Trademark Registry- The trademark registry was established in 1940 then came the Trademark Act which was passed in 1999. Currently, the trademark registry works as the operation or functional body of the Act. As a functioning body, the trademark registry implements all the rules and regulation of the trademark law in India. The Head Office of the trademark registry is in Mumbai, and it has branch offices in Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chennai and Kolkata. A trademark is registered under the Trademark Act, 1999 and then entered into the Trademark Registry. In this process, the registry will check whether the registering mark meets all the conditions of the Act before registering it. 3. Who Can Apply For a Trademark?The trademark owner can apply for trademark registration. In the Trademark Registration form, the person whose name is mentioned as the applicant will be declared as the owner of the trademark once the trademark is successfully registered. Any individual, a company and an LLP can be an applicant and may file the application for the registration of the particular trademark. 4. How to Register a Trademark?- Registration of a trademark is done by the Registrar Office of Trade Marks. When you plan on registering a trademark there are a few steps involved. Choosing a trademark:Remember to choose a unique and distinctive mark which will represent your company. The other important point is identifying which class you belong to. Currently, there are 45 classes of goods and services under which the trademark can be registered. Classes 1-34 are for goods and classes 35-45 are for service.  Mark search: Once you have chosen your mark it is advisable to conduct a trademark search to check whether your chosen mark is similar to an already registered mark. You can either do this yourself by going to the online website of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks. On the website, you can find an option to do a public search. Once you click on this option you need to choose your class and search the online database.     The other option is to get legal services, although you will have to pay for it is the safer option. Overall legal services will cost lesser in case your trademark is objected against. Not only will they do the search, they will also help you with the whole process. Filing application: You can file one application for multiple classes or series trademark, or collective trademark. For this, you have to fill in form TM-A. This form allows you to register the trademark beyond one class. Filing of this form has two separate cost brackets: Rupees 9,000 or Rupees 10,000- If you are not a start-up, small enterprise or an individual you will fall under this bracket. You have to pay rupees 9,000 for e-filing of the from or Rupees 10,000 if you file the form in person with the Office of Trade Marks. Rupees 4,500 or Rupees 5,000- If you are an individual, small enterprise or a start-up then you fall under this bracket. Rupees 4,500 is the charge for e-filing of the form or Rupees 5,000 if you file the form physically. While filling the form make sure not to make any mistakes, this may lead to delays or even rejection of the application. You have to fill in all the details and also add a picture of the trademark with the dimensions of 9 by 5 cms. You may be required to attach five duplicates of the same. The full file must be then submitted with two duplicates when filing. You can file it online or by yourself or by an agent, whichever is convenient for you. Confirmation of filing will be done

When a business pivots, it changes some aspects of its core products or services. Businesses may pivot to better meet customer demand, shift their target audience to boost sales, or a combination of both. What is a Pivot? A pivot is a significant price level known in advance which traders view as important and may make trading decisions around that level. As a technical indicator, a pivot price is similar to a resistance or support level. If the pivot level is exceeded, the price is expected to continue in that direction. Or the price could reverse at or near that level. What Does a Pivot Tell You There are pivots and pivot points. These terms may mean different things to different people. A pivot means an important price level to a trader, like an inflection point, where they expect price to either continue in the current direction or reverse course. Some traders view prior high points or low points in the price as a pivot. A trader may view the 52-week high as a pivot point. If the moves above it, the trader anticipates the price will continue higher. But if the price falls back below the prior 52-week high they may exit their position, for example. A pivot can occur on any timeframe. A pivot can be area that a trader view as important, such as weekly high or low, daily high or low, a swing high/low, or a technical level. Pivot points are calculated levels. Floor traders originally used a pivot point to establish important price levels, and those are now used by many traders. After analyzing data from the stock’s historical price, a pivot point is used as a guide for how the price may move. Other calculations provide support and resistance levels around the pivot point. Pivot points can be calculated based on various time frames, therefore providing information to day trading, swing traders, and investors,When the price is above a pivot point it is considered bulllish, when the price is belwo the pivot point it is considered bearish. Levels above the pivot point are calculated and called R1 and R2, with the R standing for Resistance. Levels below the pivot point are calculated and called S1 and S2, with S standing for Support. How to Calculate a Pivot A pivot doesn’t require a calculation. It just an important price area for the trader to watch.   Pivot points do have a calculation. The calculations for today’s pivot levels are based on the prior day’s high, low and closing prices.   ​  To calculate a weekly pivot, the high, low and close would be used based on the prior week. To calculate a monthly pivot, the high, low and close would be used for the prior month. The Difference Between a Pivot and Fibonacci Retracements Both of these levels are typically drawn on the chart. Fibonacci retracements are calculated levels based on the length of the price swing. Therefore, they will typically provide levels to watch for compared to pivots or pivot points. Fibonacci retracements show how far the price may pull back Limitations of Using Pivots Whether using a pivot or pivot points, there will always be other levels that are also important. Focusing only the levels may mean other opportunities are missed. Pivots and pivot points are best used in conjunction with other forms of analysis Pivots and pivot points, while important, may get whipsawed leading to losing traders or confusion. For example, the price may move back and forth across the pivot point, moving a trader from bullish to bearish and back again. After moving through a pivot point the price may not proceed to the next expected level, such as R1 or S1. FAQs What does it mean to “pivot” in business? In business, “pivot” refers to a significant change in a company’s strategy, product, or direction in response to market feedback, changing trends, or unexpected challenges. It involves making strategic adjustments to better align with customer needs or market conditions. What are some common reasons for a business to pivot? Common reasons for a business to pivot include lack of product-market fit, declining sales, changes in consumer behavior or preferences, emerging competition, technological advancements, regulatory changes, or shifts in the economic landscape. What are the different types of pivots that businesses may undertake? Businesses may undertake various types of pivots, including product pivots (changing the features, functionality, or target market of a product), market pivots (targeting a different customer segment or industry), technology pivots (leveraging new technologies or platforms), and business model pivots (changing the revenue model or distribution channels). Practice area’s of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code | Forensic Accounting and Fraud Detection | Section 8 Company | Foreign Company | 80G and 12A Certificate | FCRA Registration |DGGI Cases | Scrutiny Cases | Income Escapement Cases | Search & Seizure | CIT Appeal | ITAT Appeal | Auditors | Internal Audit | Financial Audit | Process Audit | IEC Code | CA Certification | Income Tax Penalty Notice u/s 271(1)(c) | Income Tax Notice u/s 142(1) | Income Tax Notice u/s 144 |Income Tax Notice u/s 148 | Income Tax Demand Notice | Psara License | FCRA Online Company Registration Services in major cities of India Company Registration in Jaipur | Company Registration in Delhi | Company Registration in Pune | Company Registration in Hyderabad | Company Registration in Bangalore | Company Registration in Chennai | Company Registration in Kolkata | Company Registration in Mumbai | Company Registration in India | Company Registration in Gurgaon | Company Registration in Noida | Company Registration in lucknow Complete CA Services CA in Delhi | CA in Gurgaon |

Having the right amount of inventory is vital to sustaining a business. You need to meet demand, but you don’t want to hold onto stock you can’t sell. In a perfect world, you would set up reorders on a schedule, and in quantities exactly designed to meet customer needs. Purchasing, however, isn’t always that simple. It’s enough of a challenge to find suppliers who sell exactly what you need at a fair price. Many manufacturers and suppliers also set minimum order quantities (MOQs) to ensure they’re making a profit. What is minimum order quantity (MOQ)? Minimum order quantity is the smallest number of products that you must purchase in one order from a supplier. Suppliers set MOQs to avoid wasting resources on orders that deliver them little or no profit.MOQ can be based on the number of units or the total order value. Here’s an example:You buy pens at $.20 each. Your supplier’s MOQ for pens is 1,000 units. This means you’ll have to spend a minimum of $200 on pens per order. Different types of products will require different MOQs; an item that costs a lot to produce is likely to have a lower MOQ than products that are easy and cheap to produce. Difference between MOQ and EOQ Understanding the differences between MOQ and EOQ (economic order quantity) is essential for making informed purchasing decisions. While MOQ is dictated by your supplier’s constraints, EOQ is determined by your business’s need to balance costs and meet customer demand efficiently. It’s the ideal order size that minimizes the total cost of inventory. This includes costs such as ordering, holding, and shortage costs. Calculating EOQ helps you determine the most cost-effective quantity to order, balancing between ordering too much and facing high holding costs and ordering too little, leading to stockouts and potential lost sales.  By strategically managing these two metrics, you can optimize inventory levels, reduce costs, and maintain a smooth supply chain, ultimately contributing to the success and profitability of your retail business. Why do suppliers use MOQ? Covering production costs and ensuring profitability. Suppliers set MOQs to ensure that each order covers their fixed production costs like labor, materials, and machinery setup, maintaining their profitability. Streamlining the production process. By producing larger, consistent quantities, suppliers optimize manufacturing efficiency, reduce waste, and manage resources more effectively. Enhancing quality control and speed. Higher, consistent production volumes allow for better quality control and quicker turnaround times, ensuring a reliable supply of goods for customers.  Maintaining business viability. MOQs ensure that every order contributes positively to the supplier’s bottom line, making their business model sustainable. Creating mutually beneficial relationships. MOQs help suppliers build better relationships with factories and with business owners like you, thanks to consistent production processes, quality, and lead times. Benefits of MOQs Benefits for suppliers Better cash flow. When setting MOQs, suppliers take their total cost of inventory into account and pair it with any other expenses they have to pay before reaching the desired profit level. When this is managed well, their cash flow is healthier and more predictable. Reduced inventory costs. Some suppliers don’t even produce goods until a buyer who can meet their MOQ makes a purchase. This keeps stock out of their warehouse and reduces both inventory and manufacturing costs.  Increased profit margins. As noted, supplier MOQs are usually set up in a way that ensures a certain profit margin. Often, they will only order new stock when their sales reach a level that creates an operating profit. This means that even a relatively low MOQ will offer the safety net they need. Benefits for buyers Saving on bulk purchases. If you work with suppliers that have MOQs, you’ll know you’re getting the best price per unit. Buying products in bulk results in savings and more profit on each unit sold.  Enhanced relationships with suppliers. Your ideal purchase quantity may differ from your supplier’s MOQ. This means you’ll need to work with your supplier to reach a solution. These negotiations can create stronger relationships. Types of MOQs Simple MOQ- As the name suggests, simple MOQs are easy to understand. You’ll need to agree on a minimum spend or minimum quantities before you place an order with your supplier.  A perfect example of this might be a supplier of personalized merchandise. It wouldn’t be worth the resources needed to add a logo or color scheme to a mug or a pen if the buyer was only looking to purchase a small number of items. Complex MOQ- Two or more requirements will be in place when you’re looking to buy from a supplier with a complex MOQ. You might have to reach a minimum quantity of units as well as a minimum order value, and the requirements might be even more complex than that.  For example, let’s say you’re sourcing fabric for your clothing line; the supplier might require an MOQ in yards or meters of fabric per color. They will set up an MOQ that takes minimum spend, minimum quantities, and minimum measurements of fabrics into account. As the buyer, you’ll need to match all the conditions to be able to place an order. How to calculate minimum order quantity if you design and manufacture your own products for in-store or online sales, you might find yourself setting MOQs for wholesale orders to other retailers. It’s crucial to understand how MOQs are calculated, as they can vary significantly based on industry and product type. Factors like fluctuating raw material costs and component part prices mean that MOQs aren’t static. Suppliers gather extensive data to pinpoint the MOQ that maximizes profitability, considering various key parameters in their calculations. This knowledge can also help you anticipate and adapt to changes in your purchasing conditions. Determine demand Calculate holding costs Find the break-even point Set minimum order quantity 1. Determine demand- Demand will vary and be influenced by a variety of factors, including product type, competition, and seasonality. Suppliers review historical data to forecast demand and use it to define the inventory quantities needed to satisfy market fluctuations.  2. Calculate holding costs- Depending on the products sold and their

The financial market is a complex ecosystem hosting a large variety and number of components. It naturally comprises a diverse range of participants on either end of the spectrum as well. And the crowd of investors in it are no exception in that regard. Just as there are individual investors, the financial market also hosts a significant band called an institutional investor. This category of investors carries a critical role in the financial market owing to their distinct features as market players.  Meaning of Institutional Investor An institutional investor is a company or organization that invests money on behalf of other people. Mutual funds, pensions, and insurance companies are examples. Institutional investors often buy and sell substantial blocks of stocks, bonds, or other securities and, for that reason, are considered to be the whales on Wall Street.The group is also viewed as more sophisticated than the average retail investor and, in some instances, they are subject to less restrictive regulations. The Role of Institutional Investors An institutional investor buys, sells, and manages stocks, bonds, and other investment securities on behalf of its clients, customers, members, or shareholders. Broadly speaking, there are six types of institutional investors: endowment funds, commercial banks, mutual funds, hedge funds, pension funds, and insurance companies. Institutional investors face fewer protective regulations compared to average investors because it is assumed the institutional crowd is more knowledgeable and better able to protect themselves. Institutional investors have the resources and specialized knowledge for extensively researching a variety of investment opportunities not open to retail investors. Because institutions are moving the biggest positions and are the largest force behind supply and demand in securities markets, they perform a high percentage of transactions on major exchanges and greatly influence the prices of securities. In fact, institutional investors today make up more than 90% of all stock trading activity. Types of Institutional Investors  Any entity that collects funds from a number of sources to buy and sell securities is an institutional investor. By that understanding, there are five types of institutional investors in the market. These are:  Mutual Funds- It’s the most popular among this category. Mutual funds are vehicles facilitating investment in a variety of securities with capital commitment from several investors, both individual and otherwise. In other words, numerous entities invest their capital, which is pooled and in turn, invested in a bag of securities called mutual funds. Qualified fund managers handle each MF. Thus, individuals with a limited understanding of stock market dynamics can rely on this instrument to mobilize their disposable income. Nearly every mutual fund includes an array of liquid securities. Therefore, members can retract their investment anytime. Moreover, the securities invested via MFs usually span across several industries or types. It’s designed to minimize the risk of capital loss, wherein the gains from one dilute loss in another security kind.  Hedge Funds-Another popular instrument in line with institutional investor meaning is a hedge fund. It can be best described as an investment partnership where the money collected from members is pooled to invest in securities. Here, there’s a fund manager, who’s called the general partner, and a bevy of investors called limited partners. Its characteristics are somewhat consistent with mutual funds’, in that they are designed to reduce risk and enhance returns via a diverse portfolio. However, hedge funds distinguish themselves with more aggressive investment policies and are also more exclusive compared to MFs.  Therefore, they are also perceived as riskier. Naturally, returns are even more substantial here.  Insurance Companies- Insurance companies are heavyweight institutional investors. These institutions employ the premium they receive from policyholders into securities. Since the aggregate of premiums is considerable, their investments are also sizable. The returns insurance companies receive from trading are deployed to pay for claims.  Endowment Funds- Endowment funds are set up by foundations, where the administrative/executive entity utilizes the funds for its cause. Typically, schools, universities, hospitals, charitable organizations, etc. establish these funds. Here, the investment usually acts as a deductible for the investor. These funds are so designed that the principal remains intact, and the controlling organization uses the investment income to finance its activities.  Pension Funds- Pension funds are also a popular form of institutional investors. Both an employer and an employee can invest in pension funds. The accumulated capital goes toward the purchase of different kinds of securities.  There are two kinds of pension funds –  Where the pensioner receives a fixed sum irrespective of how the fund fares.  Where the pensioner receives returns based on the performance of the fund.  Retail Investors vs. Institutional Investors Retail and institutional investors are active in a variety of markets like bonds, options, commodities, forex, futures contracts, and stocks. However, because of the nature of the securities and the manner in which transactions occur, some markets are primarily for institutional investors rather than retail investors. Examples of markets primarily for institutional investors include the swaps and forward markets.  Retail investors typically buy and sell stocks in round lots of 100 shares or more; institutional investors are known to buy and sell in block trades of 10,000 shares or more.3 Because of the larger trade volumes and sizes, institutional investors sometimes avoid buying stocks of smaller companies for two reasons. First, the act of buying or selling large blocks of a small, thinly-traded stock can create sudden supply and demand imbalances that move share prices higher and lower. In addition, institutional investors typically avoid acquiring a high percentage of company ownership because performing such an act may violate securities laws. For example, mutual funds, closed-end funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that are registered as diversified funds are restricted as to the percentage of a company’s voting securities that the funds can own. FAQs What are institutional investors? Institutional investors are entities that pool large sums of money to invest in various financial instruments and assets. These entities typically include pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, endowments, hedge funds, banks, and sovereign wealth funds. What distinguishes institutional investors from individual investors? Institutional investors differ from individual investors in terms of the scale of their investments, their investment goals, and their regulatory requirements. Institutional investors often manage large portfolios on behalf of multiple beneficiaries or stakeholders,

A “down round” is a financing in which a company sells shares of its capital stock at a price per share that is less than the price per share it sold shares for in an earlier financing. What Is a Down Round? A down round refers to a private company offering additional shares for sale at a lower price than had been sold for in the previous financing round. Simply put, more capital is needed and the company discovers that its valuation is lower than it was prior to the previous round of financing. This “discovery” forces them to sell their capital stock at a lower price per share. Private companies raise capital through a series of funding phases, referred to as rounds. Ideally, the initial round should raise the capital needed where subsequent rounds are not required. At times, the burn rate for startups is much higher than anticipated, leaving the company no other option than to go through another round of financing. As a business develops, the expectation is that sequential funding rounds are executed at progressively higher prices to reflect the increasing valuation of the company. The reality is that the actual valuation of a company is subject to variables (failure to meet benchmarks, the emergence of competition, venture capital funding) which could cause it to be lower than it was in the past. In these situations, an investor would only consider participating if the shares, or convertible bonds, were being offered at a lower price than they were in the preceding funding phase. This is referred to as a down round. While the earliest investors in startup companies tend to buy at the lowest prices, investors in subsequent rounds have the advantage of seeing whether companies have been able to meet stated benchmarks including product development, key hires, and revenues. When benchmarks are missed, subsequent investors may insist on lower company valuations for a variety of reasons including concerns over inexperienced management, early hype versus reality, and questions about a company’s ability to execute its business plan. Businesses that have a clear advantage over their competition, especially if they are in a lucrative field, are often in a great position for raising capital from investors. However, if that edge disappears due to the emergence of competition, investors may seek to hedge their bets by demanding lower valuations on subsequent funding rounds. Implications and Alternatives While each funding round typically results in the dilution of ownership percentages for existing investors, the need to sell a higher number of shares to meet financing requirements in a down round increases the dilutive effect. A down round highlights the possibility that the company might have been over-hyped from a valuation standpoint initially and are now reduced to selling their stock at what amounts to a discount. This perception could negatively affect the market’s confidence in the company’s ability to be profitable and also deal a significant blow to employee morale. The alternatives to a down round are: The company cuts its burn rate. This step would only be viable if there were operational inefficiencies else it would be self-defeating in that it could hamper company growth. Management could consider short-term, or bridge, financing. Renegotiate terms with current investors. Shut the company down. Due to the potential for drastically lower ownership percentages, loss of market confidence, negative impact on company morale, and the less than appealing alternatives, raising capital via a down round is often viewed as a company’s last resort, but it may represent its only chance of staying in business. Why Does it Matter if a Company Does a Down Round? Damaging Psychology. Venture-backed companies are typically unprofitable, risky endeavors with illiquid stock that require consistent evidence of rapid growth to continue to attract and retain capital and talent. A signal that a company needs to raise capital and is willing to do so at a declining price can be a significant blow to employee morale. Anti-Dilution Protection. Unlike public companies, investors in venture-backed companies typically own preferred stock, which sometimes has special rights referred to as “anti-dilution protection” that can magnify the dilution to common stockholders from the financing. More on this below. Similarly, if the prior round was at a highly negotiated price and/or the prior price was based on assumptions that have proven to be untrue, investors will sometimes look to renegotiate the price of the prior round to more closely reflect the benefit-of-hindsight value of the company at the time of the investment. Investor Accounting. Venture capital funds account to their limited partners based on the value of the securities in their portfolio, as suggested by the most recent pricing of those securities. When a company does a down round, existing investors may have an obligation to “write down” the value of their existing holdings in their financial statements, which can affect the fund’s fundraising efforts and perhaps even the ability of the general partners to receive distributions. FAQs What is a down round? A down round refers to a financing round in which a company raises capital at a valuation lower than its previous funding round. Why does a down round occur? Down rounds typically occur when a company’s performance or market conditions have deteriorated since its last funding round, leading investors to reevaluate the company’s value downward. What are the implications of a down round for existing investors? Existing investors in a down round often face dilution of their ownership stakes since the new shares issued to investors are priced lower than previous rounds. This dilution can significantly impact the value of their investment. Practice area’s of B K Goyal & Co LLP Income Tax Return Filing | Income Tax Appeal | Income Tax Notice | GST Registration | GST Return Filing | FSSAI Registration | Company Registration | Company Audit | Company Annual Compliance | Income Tax Audit | Nidhi Company Registration| LLP Registration | Accounting in India | NGO Registration | NGO Audit | ESG | BRSR | Private Security Agency | Udyam Registration | Trademark Registration | Copyright Registration | Patent Registration | Import Export Code |

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a commitment by businesses to contribute to the social and environmental well-being of the communities in which they operate. CSR can take many forms, including philanthropy, volunteering, and environmental initiatives. One way that businesses can support CSR is by providing funding to NGOs. NGOs are non-profit organizations that work to address social and environmental issues. By providing funding to NGOs, businesses can help to make a real difference in the world. What is CSR? Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is a managerial theory wherein corporate houses acknowledge their social and environmental responsibilities and incorporate them into their corporation’s operations. Thus, CSR is the medium through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives. Such an approach is often called the “Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach”. Corporate houses assume such responsibilities while addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. For considerable years the corporations perceived CSR as a corporate burden. However, recent years witnessed a paradigm shift in the corporate mindset. The benefits of CSR ensured growth and goodwill to the corporate houses. CSR and NGOs Numerous corporate houses of India, such as the Tata group and the Aditya Birla Group, have already been contributing to society through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and foundations since their inception. As a result, CSR is not a novel concept in the Indian context. However, the Companies Act of 2013 has pushed CSR to the leading edge, with a “comply or explain” obligation for corporates with a net income of more than 5 crores INR per year. This obligation, therefore, has provided the impetus for Indian NGOs and created a massive possibility to be capitalised on. However, not many NGOs have been able to take advantage of this, and as a result, many continue to lack access to CSR funds for a variety of reasons, including a lack of forethought, a lack of awareness of the scenario, a lack of a network, and so on. Ways through which NGOs could receive CSR Funding Online Platforms- Platforms like CSR2life.com are working to make it easier for non-profits to approach corporations directly. Users can use CSR2life.com to find companies that are collaborating with various non-profit organisations in order to assist NGOs in need. CSR2life.com assists non-profit organisations in presenting their CSR projects to multiple corporations at the same time in an interactive format, allowing them to interact with your project. CSR2life.com is an effective platform for managing all of your CSR-related activities and content. It is an efficient platform for your CSR requirements. 2. “3Cs” Approach- When developing a CSR plan, every non-profit must consider three factors. A great deal of effort goes into developing such a plan – the first step is deciding what type of project you want to undertake, the second is determining what sources of funding you want to tap into, and the third is convincing companies to collaborate with NGOs. When it comes to approaching corporate India for help, a number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have had limited success. However, this does not imply that all NGOs and non-profits have been unable to obtain funding from large corporations. 3. “5Cs” Approach- CSR2life.com has elevated the concept of philanthropy for non-profits. This is a comprehensive platform that connects non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches. Recognizing corporate contributions to community improvement, the platform encourages all non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to raise CSR contributions for a specific community or charitable cause. Corporate partners, on the other hand, see the platform as a transparent way to spend CSR funds on need-based projects. They can do so by selecting one of the many approved non-profits and projects. 4. “7Cs” Approach- Using the 7Cs approach, NGOs and non-profit organizations can showcase what they have done, create a relationship with corporates and then share their success stories. The platform also enables NGOs to raise funds for their cause and have access to the CSR funds of many corporates simultaneously. Through CSR2life.com, NGOs can create and share impactful CSR campaigns with corporates and other social organizations. Companies can find new CSR targets, generate opportunities and make their CSR efforts more visible on the platform. 5. Comprehend and trace the corporate sponsors in your area- Create a map of the existing businesses in your area. Begin by learning about their profile, preferences, and policies. Investigate whether they are already involved in CSR activities. Finally, schedule a meeting with the CSR team or HR. 6. Networking- NGOs must take the initiative and investigate various funding options. Many organisations dedicated to CSR organise events. Year-round online and offline campaigns are underway. These events provide an excellent opportunity for active participation, networking with prospective donors, and relationship building. These could lead to fruitful collaborations in the long run. 7. Legal mandates for non-governmental organisations- Apart from the NGO Registration certificate, most corporate donors only donate to NGOs that have certificates such as 80G registration (which provides the donor with a 50% income tax exemption), 12A registration (which provides the NGO with tax-free income), and so on. It is in the best interests of the NGO to complete these registrations in order to increase the likelihood of receiving funds. Foreign companies may donate funds only if the NGO is registered under the FCRA (Foreign Contribution Regulation Act). Ensure that your NGO has all of the necessary documentation, and don’t forget to renew it every year. FAQs What is CSR funding, and why do companies provide it to NGOs? CSR funding refers to the financial support provided by companies to NGOs and other organizations for projects aimed at benefiting society and the environment. Companies engage in CSR activities as part of their commitment to social responsibility and sustainable development. What are the primary sources of CSR funding for NGOs? The primary sources of CSR funding for NGOs include corporate donations, grants, sponsorship of specific projects or initiatives, and partnerships with companies for implementing CSR programs. How can NGOs identify potential corporate donors for CSR funding? NGOs can identify potential corporate donors for CSR funding by researching companies with CSR initiatives aligned