Comprehensive Comparison of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and Income-tax Bill, 2025

1. Structural and Conceptual Changes

The Income-tax Bill, 2025 aims to simplify and modernize the Income-tax Act, 1961, while aligning with global best practices.
The language is simplified, and redundant provisions are removed.
The Bill organizes provisions logically to improve clarity and ease of interpretation.

2. Key Differences in Approach

Aspect	Income-tax Act, 1961	Income-tax Bill, 2025
Terminology	Uses older definitions and outdated terminologies.	Introduces new terms like “tax year” and modernizes definitions.
Tax Structure	Fragmented tax provisions across various sections.	Consolidates related provisions for easier interpretation.
Tax Administration	Manual and physical-based assessments with faceless assessment introduced later.	Full implementation of faceless assessment, e-filing, digital compliance measures.
Deductions & Exemptions	More scattered, with various exemptions listed under different sections.	Streamlined and grouped logically for clear understanding.
International Taxation	Limited scope for international compliance.	Stronger GAAR, BEPS provisions, expanded transfer pricing rules.

3. Detailed Section-wise Comparison

Provision	Income-tax Act, 1961 (Section)	Income-tax Bill, 2025 (Clause)	Major Changes
Short Title & Definitions	Sections 1-3	Clauses 1-3	Introduces “tax year” concept.
Charge of Income Tax	Sections 4-5	Clauses 4-5	Clarifies scope of total income and tax liability.
Residence Status	Section 6	Clause 6	Minor modifications for better clarity.
Income Deemed to Accrue in India	Section 9	Clause 9	Expands definition of income for better anti-tax avoidance measures.
Income Not Part of Total Income	Section 10	Clauses 11-12	Consolidates exemptions, adds electoral trust exemption.
Salaries	Sections 15-17	Clauses 15-19	No major changes, but language is modernized.
Income from House Property	Sections 22-27	Clauses 20-25	Similar, but reorganized for clarity.
Profits & Gains of Business	Sections 28-44	Clauses 26-66	Presumptive taxation expanded, simplified deductions.
Depreciation	Sections 32-34	Clauses 33-34	More detailed depreciation rules for consistency.
Foreign Exchange Adjustments	Sections 43A, 43AA	Clauses 42-43	Expanded provisions on foreign currency gains/losses.
Capital Gains	Sections 45-55	Clauses 67-91	New rules for Market Linked Debentures, slump sales.
Set-off & Carry Forward of Losses	Sections 70-80	Clauses 108-121	Simplified approach, clear treatment of business losses.
Deductions & Exemptions	Sections 80A-80U	Clauses 122-154	Revised deductions for EVs, Agnipath scheme, digital transactions.
Transfer Pricing	Sections 92-92F	Clauses 161-173	Expanded transfer pricing provisions for international tax compliance.
Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)	Sections 115JB, 115JC	Clauses 206-208	MAT calculations streamlined, relief for startups.
Faceless Tax Administration	Section 144B	Clauses 273-275	Fully integrates faceless assessments, appeals, and ITAT proceedings.
Digital Payments & Compliance	Section 269SU	Clauses 185-188	Strengthens e-payment norms, mandatory digital modes.
Tax on Non-Residents	Sections 115A-115H	Clauses 207-219	Expanded provisions for non-residents, foreign companies.
Special Anti-Tax Avoidance	Sections 94A, 95-102	Clauses 174-184	GAAR provisions tightened, tax avoidance rules expanded.
Tax Administration	Sections 116-138	Clauses 236-261	Faceless compliance & automation for better efficiency.
Assessment & Reassessment	Sections 139-154	Clauses 263-291	Time limits revised, e-processing of reassessments.
Dispute Resolution	Section 144C	Clauses 275-279	New Dispute Resolution Committee, faceless appeal.
Penalties & Prosecutions	Sections 271-276	Clauses 439-460	Stricter penalties for non-compliance, TDS defaults.
Refunds	Sections 237-245	Clauses 431-438	Faster e-refunds, automated tax adjustments.

4. Major Policy Shifts in the Income-tax Bill, 2025

A. New Deductions & Incentives

Deduction for Purchase of Electric Vehicles (Clause 132)
Deduction for Agnipath Scheme Contributions (Clause 125)
Revised Donations & Political Contribution Rules (Clauses 133-137)

B. Digital & Faceless Administration

Mandatory e-filing & digital processing for all taxpayers.
Faceless tax assessments, audits, appeals, and ITAT hearings.
Automated tax collection, refunds, and notices.

C. International Taxation & Anti-Avoidance Measures

Expansion of Transfer Pricing (Clause 161-173).
Tighter GAAR rules (Clause 174-184).
Taxation of foreign income & expanded BEPS rules.

D. Changes in Capital Gains Taxation

Market Linked Debenture taxation introduced (Clause 76).
Slump sale tax rules revised (Clause 77).
Better cost indexation mechanism for property sales (Clause 89).

5. Conclusion: Expert Opinion

The Income-tax Bill, 2025 represents the biggest overhaul since 1961.
Easier compliance, faster processing, and digitization make it taxpayer-friendly.
Stronger anti-tax avoidance provisions will tighten loopholes for evaders.
More deductions & incentives encourage investment in green energy, infrastructure, and digitization.
The transition from the 1961 Act will require robust implementation and taxpayer education.

Would you like a more in-depth analysis of any particular section or provision? 🚀
Check out below the complete table and links to specific Sections.

CORRESPONDENCE TABLE and COMPARISON SUMMARY OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 2025 to THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961

S.No	Sections of New Income Tax Act, 2025	Corresponding Section No – Income Tax Act 1961	Summary of Comparison
1	Section 1 – Short title, extent and commencement	1	No major changes; updated reference to the new law.
2	Section 2 – Definitions	2	Some definitions updated for clarity and consistency with modern tax terms.
3	Section 3 – Definition of “tax year”	3 (“Previous year” defined)	“Previous year” terminology replaced with “tax year” for consistency.
4	Section 4 – Charge of income-tax	4	Largely similar; certain clarifications added.
5	Section 5 – Scope of total income	5	Aligned with the previous scope, minor clarifications.
6	Section 6 – Residence in India	6	Criteria updated with additional parameters for residency determination.
7	Section 7 – Income deemed to be received	7	Substantially the same as the previous Act.
8	Section 8 – Income on receipt of capital asset or stock-in-trade by specified person from specified entity	New provision	Introduced a specific rule for such receipts.
9	Section 9 – Income deemed to accrue or arise in India	9	No major changes.
10	Section 10 – Apportionment of income between spouses governed by Portuguese Civil Code	5A	Retained with minor refinements.
11	Section 11 – Incomes not included in total income	10	Expanded with additional categories.
12	Section 12 – Incomes not included in total income of political parties and electoral trusts	13A, 13B	Mostly aligned with the earlier provisions.
13	Section 13 – Heads of income	14	No major modifications.
14	Section 14 – Income not forming part of total income and expenditure in relation to such income	14A	Retained with minor adjustments.
15	Section 15 – Salaries	15	Substantially unchanged.
16	Section 16 – Income from salary	16	No significant changes.
17	Section 17 – Perquisite	17	Perquisites provisions largely remain the same.
18	Section 18 – Profits in lieu of salary	17	No major modifications.
19	Section 19 – Deductions from salaries	16	Aligned with earlier deductions.
20	Section 20 – Income from house property	22	No major changes.
21	Section 21 – Determination of annual value	23	Slight refinements in valuation methodology.
22	Section 22 – Deductions from income from house property	24	Retained with minor clarifications.
23	Section 23 – Arrears of rent and unrealised rent received subsequently	25A	No significant differences.
24	Section 24 – Property owned by co-owners	26	Same as previous law.
25	Section 25 – Interpretation	27	Definitions remain largely unchanged.
26	Section 26 – Income under head “Profits and gains of business or profession”	28	No major differences.
27	Section 27 – Manner of computing profits and gains of business or profession	29	Aligned with prior provisions.
28	Section 28 – Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance	30	Substantially unchanged.
29	Section 29 – Deductions related to employee welfare	New provision	Introduced a specific deduction category.
30	Section 30 – Deduction on certain premium	New provision	New addition related to insurance/tax-saving instruments.
31	Section 31 – Deduction for bad debt and provision for bad and doubtful debt	36(1)(vii), 36(1)(viia)	Retained with refinements.
32	Section 32 – Other deductions	36	General deduction provisions carried forward.
33	Section 33 – Deduction for depreciation	32	Depreciation method and rate structure revised.
34	Section 34 – General conditions for allowable deductions	34	Aligned with previous Act.
35	Section 35 – Amounts not deductible in certain circumstances	40	Retained with refinements.
36	Section 36 – Expenses or payments not deductible in certain circumstances	40A	No major changes.
37	Section 37 – Certain deductions allowed on actual payment basis only	43B	Provisions continue with minor adjustments.
38	Section 38 – Certain sums deemed as profits and gains of business or profession	41	Retained.
39	Section 39 – Computation of actual cost	43	No significant differences.
40	Section 40 – Special provision for computation of cost of acquisition of certain assets	43C	Carried forward with refinements.
41	Section 41 – Written down value of depreciable asset	43(6)	Retained with adjustments.
42	Section 42 – Capitalising the impact of foreign exchange fluctuation	43A	No major differences.
43	Section 43 – Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation	43AA	Aligned with earlier provisions.
44	Section 44 – Amortisation of certain preliminary expenses	35D	No significant changes.
45	Section 45 – Expenditure on scientific research	35	Provisions carried forward with refinements.
46	Section 46 – Capital expenditure of specified business	35AD	Continued with some modifications.
47	Section 47 – Expenditure on agricultural extension project and skill development project	35CCC, 35CCD	Provisions retained.
48	Section 48 – Tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development account	33AB	Continued with some refinements.
49	Section 49 – Site Restoration Fund	33ABA	No major differences.
50	Section 50 – Special provision in the case of trade, profession or similar association	44A	Retained.

51	Section 51 – Amortisation of expenditure for prospecting certain minerals	35E	No significant changes.
52	Section 52 – Amortisation of expenditure for telecommunications services, amalgamation, demerger, scheme of voluntary retirement, etc.	35ABB, 35D, 35DD, 35DDA	Provisions carried forward.
53	Section 53 – Full value of consideration for transfer of assets other than capital assets in certain cases	New provision	Introduced to cover specific scenarios.
54	Section 54 – Business of prospecting for mineral oils	42	Provisions retained.
55	Section 55 – Insurance business	44	Aligned with earlier provisions.
56	Section 56 – Special provision in case of interest income of specified financial institutions	New provision	Newly introduced section.
57	Section 57 – Revenue recognition for construction and service contracts	New provision	Introduced to ensure clarity in revenue recognition.
58	Section 58 – Special provision for computing profits and gains of business or profession on presumptive basis in case of certain residents	44AD, 44ADA, 44AE	Provisions carried forward with refinements.
59	Section 59 – Chargeability of royalty and fee for technical services in hands of non-residents	115A	No significant changes.
60	Section 60 – Deduction of head office expenditure in case of non-residents	44C	Retained with refinements.
61	Section 61 – Special provision for computation of income on presumptive basis in respect of certain business activities of certain non-residents	44B, 44BB, 44BBA, 44BBB	Aligned with previous provisions.
62	Section 62 – Maintenance of books of account	44AA	Retained with some modifications.
63	Section 63 – Tax audit	44AB	No significant changes.
64	Section 64 – Facilitating payments in electronic modes	New provision	Introduced to promote digital transactions.
65	Section 65 – Special provision for computing deductions in case of business reorganisation of co-operative banks	44DB	No major changes.
66	Section 66 – Interpretation	45	Retained as per previous definitions.
67	Section 67 – Capital gains	45	Aligned with earlier provisions.
68	Section 68 – Capital gains on distribution of assets by companies in liquidation	46	No major differences.
69	Section 69 – Capital gains on purchase by company of its own shares or other specified securities	46A	Retained.
70	Section 70 – Transactions not regarded as transfer	47	No significant modifications.
71	Section 71 – Withdrawal of exemption in certain cases	47A	Provisions retained.
72	Section 72 – Mode of computation of capital gains	48	No major differences.
73	Section 73 – Cost with reference to certain modes of acquisition	49	Aligned with earlier provisions.
74	Section 74 – Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of depreciable assets	50	No major modifications.
75	Section 75 – Special provision for cost of acquisition in case of depreciable asset	50A	Retained.
76	Section 76 – Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of Market Linked Debenture	New provision	Newly introduced section.
77	Section 77 – Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of slump sale	50B	Retained.
78	Section 78 – Special provision for full value of consideration in certain cases	50C	No major changes.
79	Section 79 – Special provision for full value of consideration for transfer of share other than quoted share	50CA	Retained with refinements.
80	Section 80 – Fair market value deemed to be full value of consideration in certain cases	50D	No significant modifications.
81	Section 81 – Advance money received	New provision	Newly introduced section.
82	Section 82 – Profit on sale of property used for residence	54	No major changes.
83	Section 83 – Capital gains on transfer of land used for agricultural purposes not to be charged in certain cases	54B	Retained.
84	Section 84 – Capital gains on compulsory acquisition of lands and buildings not to be charged in certain cases	54D	No major modifications.
85	Section 85 – Capital gains not to be charged on investment in certain bonds	54EC	Provisions retained.
86	Section 86 – Capital gains on transfer of certain capital assets not to be charged in case of investment in residential house	54F	No significant changes.
87	Section 87 – Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area	54G	Retained.
88	Section 88 – Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area to any Special Economic Zone	54GA	No major modifications.
89	Section 89 – Extension of time for acquiring new asset or depositing or investing amount of capital gains	54H	Retained.
90	Section 90 – Meaning of “adjusted”, “cost of improvement” and “cost of acquisition”	55	Aligned with earlier provisions.
91	Section 91 – Reference to Valuation Officer	55A	Retained.
92	Section 92 – Income from other sources	56	No significant modifications.
93	Section 93 – Deductions	57	Provisions carried forward.
94	Section 94 – Amounts not deductible	58	No major changes.
95	Section 95 – Profits chargeable to tax	59	Retained.
96	Section 96 – Special provision for tax on certain dividends received from domestic companies	115BBDA	No significant differences.
97	Section 97 – Special provision for tax on certain incomes	115BBE	Retained.
98	Section 98 – Taxability of gifts received by individuals and Hindu Undivided Families	56(2)(x)	No major modifications.
99	Section 99 – Set off of losses	70	Retained.
100	Section 100 – Carry forward and set off of losses	71	No significant changes.

101	Section 101 – Total income	66	No major changes.
102	Section 102 – Unexplained credits	68	Provisions carried forward.
103	Section 103 – Unexplained investment	69	Retained with minor refinements.
104	Section 104 – Unexplained asset	69A	Aligned with earlier provisions.
105	Section 105 – Unexplained expenditure	69C	No significant modifications.
106	Section 106 – Amount borrowed or repaid through negotiable instrument, hundi, etc.	69D	Retained.
107	Section 107 – Charge of tax	New provision	Introduced to define taxability conditions.
108	Section 108 – Set off of losses under the same head of income	70	No major changes.
109	Section 109 – Set off of losses under any other head of income	71	Retained with refinements.
110	Section 110 – Carry forward and set off of loss from house property	71B	No significant modifications.
111	Section 111 – Carry forward and set off of loss from capital gains	74	Aligned with earlier provisions.
112	Section 112 – Carry forward and set off of business loss	72	Retained.
113	Section 113 – Set off and carry forward of losses from speculation business	73	No major changes.
114	Section 114 – Set off and carry forward of losses from specified business	73A	Retained.
115	Section 115 – Set off and carry forward of losses from specified activity	New provision	Newly introduced section.
116	Section 116 – Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in amalgamation or demerger, etc.	72A	Aligned with earlier provisions.
117	Section 117 – Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in scheme of amalgamation in certain cases	72AA	Retained.
118	Section 118 – Carry forward and set off of losses and unabsorbed depreciation in business reorganisation of co-operative banks	72AB	No significant modifications.
119	Section 119 – Carry forward and set off of losses not permissible in certain cases	79	Retained with refinements.
120	Section 120 – No set off of losses against undisclosed income consequent to search, requisition and survey	New provision	Introduced for clarity in search cases.
121	Section 121 – Submission of return for losses	80	No major changes.
122	Section 122 – Deductions to be made in computing total income	80A	Retained.
123	Section 123 – Deduction for life insurance premia, deferred annuity, contributions to provident fund, etc.	80C	Aligned with previous provisions.
124	Section 124 – Deduction in respect of employer contribution to pension scheme of Central Government	80CCD	Retained.
125	Section 125 – Deduction in respect of contribution to Agnipath Scheme	New provision	Newly introduced section.
126	Section 126 – Deduction in respect of health insurance premia	80D	No major changes.
127	Section 127 – Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of a dependent who is a person with disability	80DD	Retained.
128	Section 128 – Deduction in respect of medical treatment, etc.	80DDB	No significant modifications.
129	Section 129 – Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for higher education	80E	Aligned with earlier provisions.
130	Section 130 – Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for residential house property	80EE	Retained.
131	Section 131 – Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for certain house property	80EEA	No major changes.
132	Section 132 – Deduction in respect of purchase of electric vehicle	80EEB	Retained.
133	Section 133 – Deduction in respect of donations to certain funds, charitable institutions, etc.	80G	No significant modifications.
134	Section 134 – Deductions in respect of rents paid	80GG	Retained.
135	Section 135 – Deduction in respect of certain donations for scientific research or rural development	80GGA	No major changes.
136	Section 136 – Deduction in respect of contributions given by companies to political parties	80GGB	Retained.
137	Section 137 – Deduction in respect of contributions given by any person to political parties	80GGC	Aligned with previous provisions.
138	Section 138 – Deductions in respect of profits and gains from industrial undertakings or enterprises engaged in infrastructure development, etc.	80-IA	No major modifications.
139	Section 139 – Deductions in respect of profits and gains by an undertaking or enterprise engaged in development of Special Economic Zone	80-IAB	Retained.
140	Section 140 – Special provision in respect of specified business	80-IAC	No significant changes.
141	Section 141 – Deduction in respect of profits and gains from certain industrial undertakings	80-IB	Aligned with earlier provisions.
142	Section 142 – Deductions in respect of profits and gains from housing projects	80-IBA	Retained.
143	Section 143 – Special provisions in respect of certain undertakings in North-Eastern States	New provision	Introduced for clarity.
144	Section 144 – Special provisions in respect of newly established units in Special Economic Zones	80-IAB	No major changes.
145	Section 145 – Deduction for businesses engaged in collecting and processing of bio-degradable waste	80JJA	Retained.
146	Section 146 – Deduction in respect of additional employee cost	80JJAA	No significant modifications.
147	Section 147 – Deductions for income of Offshore Banking Units and Units of International Financial Services Centre	80LA	Aligned with earlier provisions.
148	Section 148 – Deduction in respect of certain inter-corporate dividends	80M	Retained.
149	Section 149 – Deduction in respect of income of co-operative societies	80P	No major changes.
150	Section 150 – Deduction in respect of certain income of Producer Companies	80PA	Retained.

151	Section 151 – Deduction in respect of royalty income, etc., of authors of certain books other than text-books	80QQB	Retained.
152	Section 152 – Deduction in respect of royalty on patents	80RRB	No major changes.
153	Section 153 – Deduction for interest on deposits	80TTA, 80TTB	Provisions carried forward.
154	Section 154 – Deduction in case of a person with disability	80U	No significant modifications.
155	Section 155 – Rebate to be allowed in computing income-tax	87A	Retained.
156	Section 156 – Rebate of income-tax in case of certain individuals	87A	No major changes.
157	Section 157 – Relief when salary, etc., is paid in arrears or in advance	89	Aligned with earlier provisions.
158	Section 158 – Relief from taxation in income from retirement benefit account maintained in a notified country	New provision	Newly introduced section.
159	Section 159 – Agreement with foreign countries or specified territories for double taxation relief	90	No significant modifications.
160	Section 160 – Countries with which no agreement exists	91	Retained.
161	Section 161 – Computation of income from international transaction and specified domestic transaction having regard to arm’s length price	92C	Aligned with earlier provisions.
162	Section 162 – Meaning of associated enterprise	92A	No major changes.
163	Section 163 – Meaning of international transaction	92B	Retained.
164	Section 164 – Meaning of specified domestic transaction	92BA	No significant modifications.
165	Section 165 – Determination of arm’s length price	92C	Retained.
166	Section 166 – Reference to Transfer Pricing Officer	92CA	No major changes.
167	Section 167 – Power of Board to make safe harbour rules	92CB	Retained.
168	Section 168 – Advance pricing agreement	92CC	Aligned with earlier provisions.
169	Section 169 – Effect to advance pricing agreement	92CD	No significant modifications.
170	Section 170 – Secondary adjustment in certain cases	92CE	Retained.
171	Section 171 – Maintenance, keeping and furnishing of information and document by certain persons	92D	No major changes.
172	Section 172 – Report from an accountant to be furnished by persons entering into international transaction or specified domestic transaction	92E	Retained.
173	Section 173 – Definitions of certain terms relevant to determination of arm’s length price, etc.	92F	No significant modifications.
174	Section 174 – Avoidance of income-tax by transactions resulting in transfer of income to non-residents	93	Retained.
175	Section 175 – Avoidance of tax by certain transactions in securities	94	No major changes.
176	Section 176 – Special measures in respect of transactions with persons located in notified jurisdictional area	94A	Retained.
177	Section 177 – Limitation on interest deduction in certain cases	New provision	Newly introduced section.
178	Section 178 – Applicability of General Anti-Avoidance Rule	95	No major changes.
179	Section 179 – Impermissible avoidance arrangement	96	Retained.
180	Section 180 – Arrangement to lack commercial substance	97	No significant modifications.
181	Section 181 – Consequences of impermissible avoidance arrangement	98	Retained.
182	Section 182 – Treatment of connected person and accommodating party	99	No major changes.
183	Section 183 – Application of this Chapter	100	Retained.
184	Section 184 – Interpretation	101	No significant modifications.
185	Section 185 – Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum	269SS	Retained.
186	Section 186 – Mode of undertaking transactions	269ST	No major changes.
187	Section 187 – Acceptance of payment through prescribed electronic modes	269SU	Retained.
188	Section 188 – Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits	269T	No significant modifications.
189	Section 189 – Interpretation	New provision	Newly introduced section.
190	Section 190 – Determination of tax where total income includes income on which no tax is payable	110	No major changes.
191	Section 191 – Tax on accumulated balance of recognised provident fund	111	Retained.
192	Section 192 – Tax in case of block assessment of search cases	113	No significant modifications.
193	Section 193 – Tax on income from Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer	115AC	Retained.
194	Section 194 – Tax on certain incomes	New provision	Newly introduced section.
195	Section 195 – Tax on income referred to in section 102 or 103 or 104 or 105 or 106	New provision	Introduced for clarity.
196	Section 196 – Tax on short-term capital gains in certain cases	111A	No major changes.
197	Section 197 – Tax on long-term capital gains	112	Retained.
198	Section 198 – Tax on long-term capital gains in certain cases	112A	No significant modifications.
199	Section 199 – Tax on income of certain manufacturing domestic companies	115BA	Retained.
200	Section 200 – Tax on income of certain domestic companies	115BAA	No major changes.

200	Section 200 – Tax on income of certain domestic companies	115BAA	No major changes.
201	Section 201 – Tax on income of new manufacturing domestic companies	115BAB	Retained with minor modifications.
202	Section 202 – New tax regime for individuals, Hindu undivided family and others	115BAC	No major changes.
203	Section 203 – Tax on income of certain resident co-operative societies	115BAD	Retained.
204	Section 204 – Tax on income of certain new manufacturing co-operative societies	New provision	Newly introduced tax incentive.
205	Section 205 – Conditions for tax on income of certain companies and cooperative societies	New provision	Introduced to regulate concessional tax rates.
206	Section 206 – Special provision for minimum alternate tax and alternate minimum tax	115JB, 115JC	Retained with refinements.
207	Section 207 – Tax on dividends, royalty and technical service fees in case of foreign companies	115A	No major changes.
208	Section 208 – Tax on income from units purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer	115AB	Retained.
209	Section 209 – Tax on income from bonds or Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer	115AC	No significant modifications.
210	Section 210 – Tax on income of Foreign Institutional Investors from securities or capital gains arising from their transfer	115AD	Retained.
211	Section 211 – Tax on non-resident sportsmen or sports associations	115BBA	No major changes.
212	Section 212 – Interpretation of provisions for taxation of non-residents	New provision	Introduced to define scope and applicability.
213	Section 213 – Special provision for computation of total income of non-residents	115C	Retained.
214	Section 214 – Tax on investment income and long-term capital gains of non-residents	115D	No significant modifications.
215	Section 215 – Capital gains on transfer of foreign exchange assets not to be charged in certain cases	115F	Retained.
216	Section 216 – Return of income not required to be furnished in certain cases for non-residents	115G	No major changes.
217	Section 217 – Benefit to be available in certain cases even after assessee becomes resident	115H	Retained.
218	Section 218 – Provisions not to apply if the assessee so chooses	115I	No significant modifications.
219	Section 219 – Conversion of an Indian branch of foreign company into subsidiary Indian company	New provision	Newly introduced.
220	Section 220 – Foreign company said to be resident in India	6(3)	No major changes.
221	Section 221 – Tax on income from securitisation trusts	115T	Retained.
222	Section 222 – Tax on income in case of venture capital undertakings	115U	No significant modifications.
223	Section 223 – Tax on income of unit holders and business trusts	115UA	Retained.
224	Section 224 – Tax on income of investment funds and its unit holders	115UB	No major changes.
225	Section 225 – Income from the business of operating qualifying ships	115V	Retained.
226	Section 226 – Tonnage tax scheme	115VA	No significant modifications.
227	Section 227 – Computation of tonnage income	115VB	Retained.
228	Section 228 – Relevant shipping income and exclusion from book profit	115VC	No major changes.
229	Section 229 – Depreciation and gains relating to tonnage tax assets	115VD	Retained.
230	Section 230 – Exclusion of deduction, loss, set off, etc., under tonnage tax scheme	115VE	No significant modifications.
231	Section 231 – Method of opting for tonnage tax scheme and validity	115VF	Retained.
232	Section 232 – Certain conditions for applicability of tonnage tax scheme	115VG	No major changes.
233	Section 233 – Amalgamation and demerger under tonnage tax scheme	115VH	Retained.
234	Section 234 – Avoidance of tax and exclusion from tonnage tax scheme	115VI	No significant modifications.
235	Section 235 – Interpretation of provisions related to tonnage tax	115VJ	Retained.
236	Section 236 – Income-tax authorities	116	No major changes.
237	Section 237 – Appointment of income-tax authorities	117	Retained.
238	Section 238 – Control of income-tax authorities	118	No significant modifications.
239	Section 239 – Instructions to subordinate authorities	119	Retained.
240	Section 240 – Taxpayer’s Charter	New provision	Introduced to promote taxpayer rights and responsibilities.
241	Section 241 – Jurisdiction of income-tax authorities	120	No major changes.
242	Section 242 – Jurisdiction of Assessing Officers	124	Retained.
243	Section 243 – Power to transfer cases	127	No significant modifications.
244	Section 244 – Change of incumbent of an office	129	Retained.
245	Section 245 – Faceless jurisdiction of income-tax authorities	New provision	Newly introduced for transparency and efficiency.
246	Section 246 – Power regarding discovery, production of evidence, etc.	131	No major changes.
247	Section 247 – Search and seizure	132	Retained.
248	Section 248 – Powers to requisition books of account, etc.	132A	No significant modifications.
249	Section 249 – Reasons for search and seizure not to be disclosed	132(14)	Retained.
250	Section 250 – Application of seized or requisitioned assets	132B	No major changes.

251	Section 251 – Copying, extraction, retention and release of books of account and documents seized or requisitioned	132(9A)	Retained with refinements.
252	Section 252 – Power to call for information	133	No major changes.
253	Section 253 – Powers of survey	133A	Retained.
254	Section 254 – Power to collect certain information	133B	No significant modifications.
255	Section 255 – Power to inspect registers of companies	134	Retained.
256	Section 256 – Power of competent authority	135	No major changes.
257	Section 257 – Proceedings before income-tax authorities to be judicial proceedings	136	Retained.
258	Section 258 – Disclosure of information relating to assessees	138	No significant modifications.
259	Section 259 – Power to call for information by prescribed income-tax authority	133(6)	Retained.
260	Section 260 – Faceless collection of information	New provision	Newly introduced section for digital efficiency.
261	Section 261 – Interpretation	New provision	Introduced to define key terms.
262	Section 262 – Permanent Account Number	139A	No major changes.
263	Section 263 – Return of income	139	Retained.
264	Section 264 – Scheme for submission of returns through tax return preparers	139B	No significant modifications.
265	Section 265 – Return by whom to be verified	140	Retained.
266	Section 266 – Self-assessment	140A	No major changes.
267	Section 267 – Tax on updated return	140B	Newly introduced section.
268	Section 268 – Inquiry before assessment	142	Retained.
269	Section 269 – Estimation of value of assets by Valuation Officer	142A	No significant modifications.
270	Section 270 – Assessment	143	Retained.
271	Section 271 – Best judgment assessment	144	No major changes.
272	Section 272 – Power of Joint Commissioner to issue directions in certain cases	144A	Retained.
273	Section 273 – Faceless assessment	New provision	Introduced for digital assessment.
274	Section 274 – Reference to Principal Commissioner or Commissioner in certain cases	144B	No significant modifications.
275	Section 275 – Reference to Dispute Resolution Panel	144C	Retained.
276	Section 276 – Method of accounting	145	No major changes.
277	Section 277 – Method of accounting in certain cases	145A	Retained.
278	Section 278 – Taxability of certain income	145B	No significant modifications.
279	Section 279 – Income escaping assessment	147	Retained.
280	Section 280 – Issue of notice	148	No major changes.
281	Section 281 – Procedure before issuance of notice under section 280	148A	Retained.
282	Section 282 – Time limit for notices under sections 280 and 281	149	No significant modifications.
283	Section 283 – Provision for cases where assessment is in pursuance of an order on appeal, etc.	150	Retained.
284	Section 284 – Sanction for issue of notice	151	No major changes.
285	Section 285 – Other provisions	153	Retained.
286	Section 286 – Time limit for completion of assessment, reassessment and recomputation	153A, 153B	No significant modifications.
287	Section 287 – Rectification of mistake	154	Retained.
288	Section 288 – Other amendments	155	No major changes.
289	Section 289 – Notice of demand	156	Retained.
290	Section 290 – Modification and revision of notice in certain cases	157	No significant modifications.
291	Section 291 – Intimation of loss	158	Retained.
292	Section 292 – Assessment of income pertaining to the block period	158B	No major changes.
293	Section 293 – Computation of total income of block period	158BB	Retained.
294	Section 294 – Procedure for block assessment	158BC	No significant modifications.
295	Section 295 – Undisclosed income of any other person	158BD	Retained.
296	Section 296 – Time-limit for completion of block assessment	158BE	No major changes.
297	Section 297 – Certain interests and penalties not to be levied or imposed	New provision	Introduced for clarity.
298	Section 298 – Levy of interest and penalty in certain cases	158BFA	Retained.
299	Section 299 – Authority competent to make assessment of block period	New provision	Newly introduced for assessment authority.
300	Section 300 – Application of other provisions of Act	158BH	No major changes.

301	Section 301 – Interpretation	New provision	Introduced to define key terms.
302	Section 302 – Legal representative	159	No major changes.
303	Section 303 – Representative assessee	160	Retained.
304	Section 304 – Liability of representative assessee	161	No significant modifications.
305	Section 305 – Right of representative assessee to recover tax paid	162	Retained.
306	Section 306 – Who may be regarded as an agent	163	No major changes.
307	Section 307 – Charge of tax where share of beneficiaries unknown	164	Retained.
308	Section 308 – Charge of tax in case of oral trust	New provision	Newly introduced section.
309	Section 309 – Method of computing a member’s share in income of association of persons or body of individuals	67A	No significant modifications.
310	Section 310 – Share of member of an association of persons or body of individuals in income of association or body	67A	Retained.
311	Section 311 – Charge of tax where shares of members in an association of persons or body of individuals are unknown, etc.	167A	No major changes.
312	Section 312 – Executor	168	Retained.
313	Section 313 – Succession to business or profession otherwise than on death	170	No significant modifications.
314	Section 314 – Effect of order of tribunal or court in respect of business reorganisation	170A	Retained.
315	Section 315 – Assessment after partition of a Hindu undivided family	171	No major changes.
316	Section 316 – Shipping business of non-residents	172	Retained.
317	Section 317 – Assessment of persons leaving India	174	No significant modifications.
318	Section 318 – Assessment of association of persons or body of individuals or artificial juridical person formed for a particular event or purpose	New provision	Newly introduced tax provision.
319	Section 319 – Assessment of persons likely to transfer property to avoid tax	175	No major changes.
320	Section 320 – Discontinued business	176	Retained.
321	Section 321 – Association dissolved or business discontinued	177	No significant modifications.
322	Section 322 – Company in liquidation	178	Retained.
323	Section 323 – Liability of directors of private company	179	No major changes.
324	Section 324 – Charge of tax in case of a firm	184	Retained.
325	Section 325 – Assessment as a firm	184	No significant modifications.
326	Section 326 – Assessment when section 325 not complied with	185	Retained.
327	Section 327 – Change in constitution of a firm	187	No major changes.
328	Section 328 – Succession of one firm by another firm	188	Retained.
329	Section 329 – Joint and several liability of partners for tax payable by firm	189	No significant modifications.
330	Section 330 – Firm dissolved or business discontinued	189A	Retained.
331	Section 331 – Liability of partners of limited liability partnership in liquidation	New provision	Newly introduced section.
332	Section 332 – Application for registration of a non-profit organisation	12AA	No major changes.
333	Section 333 – Switching over of regimes for a non-profit organisation	New provision	Introduced to facilitate transition.
334	Section 334 – Tax on income of registered non-profit organisation	13	Retained.
335	Section 335 – Regular income of a non-profit organisation	New provision	Newly introduced tax provision.
336	Section 336 – Taxable regular income of a non-profit organisation	New provision	Defined taxable components of income.
337	Section 337 – Specified income of a non-profit organisation	New provision	Newly introduced tax provision.
338	Section 338 – Income not to be included in regular income of a non-profit organisation	11	No significant modifications.
339	Section 339 – Corpus donation of a non-profit organisation	New provision	Introduced to define corpus funds.
340	Section 340 – Deemed corpus donation of a non-profit organisation	New provision	Newly introduced section.
341	Section 341 – Application of income of a non-profit organisation	11(1)	Retained.
342	Section 342 – Accumulated income of a non-profit organisation	11(2)	No major changes.
343	Section 343 – Deemed accumulated income of a non-profit organisation	11(3)	Retained.
344	Section 344 – Business undertaking held as property of a non-profit organisation	New provision	Newly introduced section.
345	Section 345 – Restriction on commercial activities by a registered non-profit organisation	11(4A)	No significant modifications.
346	Section 346 – Restriction on commercial activities by a non-profit organisation carrying out advancement of any other object of general public utility	13(8)	Retained.
347	Section 347 – Books of account for a non-profit organisation	12A	No major changes.
348	Section 348 – Audit of a non-profit organisation	12A(1)(b)	Retained.
349	Section 349 – Return of income for a non-profit organisation	139(4C)	No significant modifications.
350	Section 350 – Permitted modes of investment for a non-profit organisation	11(5)	Retained.

351	Section 351 – Specified violation	New provision	Newly introduced provision.
352	Section 352 – Tax on accreted income	115TD	Retained with refinements.
353	Section 353 – Other violations	New provision	Newly introduced section.
354	Section 354 – Application for approval for purpose of section 133(1)(b)(ii)	New provision	Introduced for procedural clarity.
355	Section 355 – Interpretation	New provision	Definitions of terms introduced.
356	Section 356 – Appealable orders before Joint Commissioner (Appeals)	New provision	Introduced to streamline appeal process.
357	Section 357 – Appealable orders before Commissioner (Appeals)	246A	Retained with refinements.
358	Section 358 – Form of appeal and limitation	249	No major changes.
359	Section 359 – Procedure in appeal	250	Retained.
360	Section 360 – Powers of Joint Commissioner (Appeals) or Commissioner (Appeals)	251	No significant modifications.
361	Section 361 – Constitution of Income Tax Appellate Tribunal	252	Retained.
362	Section 362 – Appeals to Appellate Tribunal	253	No major changes.
363	Section 363 – Orders of Appellate Tribunal	254	Retained.
364	Section 364 – Procedure of Appellate Tribunal	255	No significant modifications.
365	Section 365 – Appeal to High Court	260A	Retained.
366	Section 366 – Case before High Court to be heard by not less than two Judges	260B	No major changes.
367	Section 367 – Appeal to Supreme Court	261	Retained.
368	Section 368 – Hearing before Supreme Court	New provision	Introduced for procedural clarity.
369	Section 369 – Tax to be paid irrespective of appeal	249(4)	No significant modifications.
370	Section 370 – Execution for costs awarded by Supreme Court	New provision	Introduced to enforce judgments.
371	Section 371 – Amendment of assessment on appeal	262	Retained.
372	Section 372 – Exclusion of time taken for obtaining copy of order	268	No major changes.
373	Section 373 – Filing of appeal by income-tax authority	253(2)	Retained.
374	Section 374 – Interpretation of “High Court”	New provision	Introduced for clarity.
375	Section 375 – Procedure when assessee claims identical question of law is pending before High Court or Supreme Court	New provision	Newly introduced section.
376	Section 376 – Procedure where identical question of law is pending before High Courts or Supreme Court	New provision	Introduced for streamlining disputes.
377	Section 377 – Revision of orders prejudicial to revenue	263	Retained.
378	Section 378 – Revision of other orders	264	No significant modifications.
379	Section 379 – Constitution of Dispute Resolution Committee	New provision	Introduced to facilitate settlements.
380	Section 380 – Interpretation	New provision	Definitions of terms introduced.
381	Section 381 – Board for Advance Rulings	245-O	Retained.
382	Section 382 – Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings	245P	No major changes.
383	Section 383 – Application for advance ruling	245Q	Retained.
384	Section 384 – Procedure on receipt of application	245R	No significant modifications.
385	Section 385 – Appellate authority not to proceed in certain cases	245S	Retained.
386	Section 386 – Advance ruling to be void in certain circumstances	245T	No major changes.
387	Section 387 – Powers of the Board for Advance Rulings	245U	Retained.
388	Section 388 – Procedure of Board for Advance Rulings	New provision	Introduced to ensure procedural clarity.
389	Section 389 – Appeal against advance ruling	New provision	Introduced for appeal mechanism.
390	Section 390 – Deduction or collection at source and advance payment	New provision	Introduced for procedural clarity.
391	Section 391 – Direct payment of taxes	191	Retained.
392	Section 392 – Salary and accumulated balance due to an employee	192	No major changes.
393	Section 393 – Tax to be deducted at source	194	Retained.
394	Section 394 – Collection of tax at source	206C	No significant modifications.
395	Section 395 – Issuance of certificates for lower deduction of tax	197	Retained.
396	Section 396 – Tax deducted is income received	198	No major changes.
397	Section 397 – Compliance and reporting for tax deduction at source	200	Retained.
398	Section 398 – Consequence for failure to deduct or collect or pay tax	201	No significant modifications.
399	Section 399 – Processing of statements of tax deduction at source and tax collection at source	200A, 206CB	Retained.
400	Section 400 – Power of Central Government to relax provisions of tax deduction at source and tax collection at source	New provision	Introduced for regulatory flexibility.

401	Section 401 – Bar against direct demand on assessee	205	Retained.
402	Section 402 – Interpretation	New provision	Newly introduced section.
403	Section 403 – Liability for payment of advance tax	207	No major changes.
404	Section 404 – Conditions of liability to pay advance tax	208	Retained.
405	Section 405 – Computation of advance tax	209	No significant modifications.
406	Section 406 – Payment of advance tax by assessee on his own accord	210	Retained.
407	Section 407 – Payment of advance tax by assessee in pursuance of order of Assessing Officer	210(3)	No major changes.
408	Section 408 – Instalments of advance tax and due dates	211	Retained.
409	Section 409 – When assessee is deemed to be in default	218	No significant modifications.
410	Section 410 – Credit for advance tax	219	Retained.
411	Section 411 – When tax payable and when assessee deemed in default	220	No major changes.
412	Section 412 – Penalty payable when tax is in default	221	Retained.
413	Section 413 – Certificate by Tax Recovery Officer and Validity thereof	222	No significant modifications.
414	Section 414 – Tax Recovery Officer by whom recovery is to be effected	223	Retained.
415	Section 415 – Stay of proceedings in pursuance of certificate and amendment or cancellation thereof	225	No major changes.
416	Section 416 – Other modes of recovery	226	Retained.
417	Section 417 – Recovery through State Government	227	No significant modifications.
418	Section 418 – Recovery of tax in pursuance of agreements with foreign countries	228A	Retained.
419	Section 419 – Recovery of penalties, fine, interest and other sums	229	No major changes.
420	Section 420 – Tax clearance certificate	230	Retained.
421	Section 421 – Recovery by suit or under other law not affected	232	No significant modifications.
422	Section 422 – Recovery of tax arrear in respect of non-resident from his assets	233	Retained.
423	Section 423 – Interest for defaults in furnishing return of income	234A	No major changes.
424	Section 424 – Interest for defaults in payment of advance tax	234B	Retained.
425	Section 425 – Interest for deferment of advance tax	234C	No significant modifications.
426	Section 426 – Interest on excess refund	234D	Retained.
427	Section 427 – Fee for default in furnishing statements	234E	No major changes.
428	Section 428 – Fee for default in furnishing return of income	234F	Retained.
429	Section 429 – Fee for default relating to statement or certificate	New provision	Newly introduced penalty provision.
430	Section 430 – Fee for default relating to intimation of Aadhaar number	New provision	Introduced for linking Aadhaar compliance.
431	Section 431 – Refunds	237	No major changes.
432	Section 432 – Person entitled to claim refund in certain special cases	238	Retained.
433	Section 433 – Form of claim for refund and limitation	239	No significant modifications.
434	Section 434 – Refund for denying liability to deduct tax in certain cases	240	Retained.
435	Section 435 – Refund on appeal, etc.	241	No major changes.
436	Section 436 – Correctness of assessment not to be questioned	New provision	Introduced to restrict reopening of settled cases.
437	Section 437 – Interest on refunds	244A	Retained.
438	Section 438 – Set off and withholding of refunds in certain cases	245	No significant modifications.
439	Section 439 – Penalty for under-reporting and misreporting of income	270A	Retained.
440	Section 440 – Immunity from imposition of penalty, etc.	270AA	No major changes.
441	Section 441 – Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc.	271A	Retained.
442	Section 442 – Penalty for failure to keep and maintain information and document, etc., in respect of certain transactions	271AA	No significant modifications.
443	Section 443 – Penalty in respect of certain income	271AAC	Retained.
444	Section 444 – Penalty for false entry, etc., in books of account	271AAD	No major changes.
445	Section 445 – Benefits to related persons	New provision	Newly introduced compliance measure.
446	Section 446 – Failure to get accounts audited	271B	Retained.
447	Section 447 – Penalty for failure to furnish report under section 172	New provision	Introduced for compliance.
448	Section 448 – Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source	271C	No significant modifications.
449	Section 449 – Penalty for failure to collect tax at source	271CA	Retained.
450	Section 450 – Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 185	New provision	Newly introduced penalty.

451	Section 451 – Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 186	New provision	Newly introduced penalty.
452	Section 452 – Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 187	New provision	Newly introduced penalty.
453	Section 453 – Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 188	New provision	Newly introduced penalty.
454	Section 454 – Penalty for failure to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account	271FA	Retained.
455	Section 455 – Penalty for furnishing inaccurate statement of financial transaction or reportable account	New provision	Introduced to ensure reporting accuracy.
456	Section 456 – Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document by an eligible investment fund	New provision	Newly introduced compliance measure.
457	Section 457 – Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document under section 171	New provision	Introduced for clarity.
458	Section 458 – Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 506	New provision	Newly introduced compliance measure.
459	Section 459 – Penalty for failure to furnish report or for furnishing inaccurate report under section 511	New provision	Introduced for transparency.
460	Section 460 – Penalty for failure to submit statement under section 505	New provision	Newly introduced reporting obligation.
461	Section 461 – Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc.	New provision	Introduced for accountability.
462	Section 462 – Penalty for failure to furnish information or furnishing inaccurate information under section 397(3)(d)	New provision	Newly introduced reporting requirement.
463	Section 463 – Penalty for furnishing incorrect information in reports or certificates	271J	Retained.
464	Section 464 – Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc	New provision	Newly introduced section.
465	Section 465 – Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc.	272A	Retained.
466	Section 466 – Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 254	New provision	Newly introduced penalty.
467	Section 467 – Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 262	New provision	Introduced for compliance.
468	Section 468 – Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 397(1)	New provision	Newly introduced section.
469	Section 469 – Power to reduce or waive penalty, etc., in certain cases	273A	Retained.
470	Section 470 – Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases	273B	No major changes.
471	Section 471 – Procedure	274	Retained.
472	Section 472 – Bar of limitation for imposing penalties	275	No significant modifications.
473	Section 473 – Contravention of order made under section 247	New provision	Newly introduced section.
474	Section 474 – Failure to comply with section 247(1)(b)(ii)	New provision	Introduced to ensure compliance.
475	Section 475 – Removal, concealment, transfer or delivery of property to prevent tax recovery	276	Retained.
476	Section 476 – Failure to pay tax to credit of Central Government under Chapter XIX-B	276B	No major changes.
477	Section 477 – Failure to pay tax collected at source	276BB	Retained.
478	Section 478 – Wilful attempt to evade tax, etc.	276C	No significant modifications.
479	Section 479 – Failure to furnish returns of income	276CC	Retained.
480	Section 480 – Failure to furnish return of income in search cases	276CCC	No Change
481	Section 481 – Failure to produce accounts and documents	276D	Retained.
482	Section 482 – False statement in verification, etc.	277	No significant modifications.
483	Section 483 – Falsification of books of account or document, etc.	277A	Retained.
484	Section 484 – Abetment of false return, etc.	278	No major changes.
485	Section 485 – Punishment for second and subsequent offences	278A	Retained.
486	Section 486 – Punishment not to be imposed in certain cases	278AA	No significant modifications.
487	Section 487 – Offences by companies	278B	Retained.
488	Section 488 – Offences by Hindu undivided family	New provision	Newly introduced section.
489	Section 489 – Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc., in certain cases	292C	No major changes.
490	Section 490 – Presumption as to culpable mental state	New provision	Introduced for prosecution cases.
491	Section 491 – Prosecution to be at instance of Principal Chief Commissioner or Chief Commissioner or Principal Commissioner or Commissioner	279	Retained.
492	Section 492 – Certain offences to be non-cognizable	279A	New income tax section 492 added “Failure to furnish return of income in search cases under section 480″ as non-cognisable offence under Section 492. Earlier section 279A did not mentioned the corresponding section 276CCC of old Income Tax Act, 1961 as non-cognisable
493	Section 493 – Proof of entries in records or documents	292C	No significant modifications.
494	Section 494 – Disclosure of particulars by public servants	280	Retained.
495	Section 495 – Special Courts	280A	No major changes.
496	Section 496 – Offences triable by Special Court	280B	Retained.
497	Section 497 – Trial of offences as summons case	280C	CRPC is being replaced to BNSS. Rest No Change.
498	Section 498 – Application of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 to proceedings before Special Court	New provision	Newly introduced section.
499	Section 499 – Certain transfers to be void	281	Retained.
500	Section 500 – Provisional attachment to protect revenue in certain cases	281B	No major changes.

501	Section 501 – Service of notice, generally	282	Retained.
502	Section 502 – Authentication of notices and other documents	282A	No major changes.
503	Section 503 – Service of notice when family is disrupted or firm, etc., is dissolved	283	Retained.
504	Section 504 – Service of notice in case of discontinued business	283(2)	No significant modifications.
505	Section 505 – Submission of statement by a non-resident having liaison office	New provision	Newly introduced compliance requirement.
506	Section 506 – Furnishing of information or documents by an Indian concern in certain cases	New provision	Introduced for international compliance.
507	Section 507 – Submission of statements by producers of cinematograph films or persons engaged in specified activity	285B	Retained.
508	Section 508 – Obligation to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account	285BA	No major changes.
509	Section 509 – Obligation to furnish information on transaction of crypto-asset	New provision	Newly introduced compliance measure.
510	Section 510 – Annual information statement	New provision	Introduced for transparency in reporting.
511	Section 511 – Furnishing of report in respect of international group	286	Retained.
512	Section 512 – Publication of information respecting assessees in certain cases	287	No significant modifications.
513	Section 513 – Appearance by registered valuer in certain matters	288(2)	Retained.
514	Section 514 – Registration of valuers	New provision	Newly introduced compliance measure.
515	Section 515 – Appearance by authorised representative	288	No major changes.
516	Section 516 – Rounding off of amount of total income, or tax payable or refundable	288A	Retained.
517	Section 517 – Receipt to be given	288B	No significant modifications.
518	Section 518 – Indemnity	New provision	Newly introduced protection for tax payments.
519	Section 519 – Power to tender immunity from prosecution	291	Retained.
520	Section 520 – Cognizance of offences	292	No major changes.
521	Section 521 – Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 and section 401 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, not to apply	New provision	Introduced for clarity on criminal liability.
522	Section 522 – Return of income, etc., not to be invalid on certain grounds	292B	Retained.
523	Section 523 – Notice deemed to be valid in certain circumstances	292BB	No significant modifications.
524	Section 524 – Presumption as to assets, books of account, etc.	292C	Retained.
525	Section 525 – Authorisation and assessment in case of search or requisition	292CC	No major changes.
526	Section 526 – Bar of suits in civil courts	293	Retained.
527	Section 527 – Power to make exemption, etc., in relation to participation in business of prospecting for, extraction, etc., of mineral oils	293A	No significant modifications.
528	Section 528 – Power of Central Government or Board to condone delays in obtaining approval	New provision	Newly introduced relief measure.
529	Section 529 – Power to withdraw approval	New provision	Introduced for administrative flexibility.
530	Section 530 – Act to have effect pending legislative provision for charge of tax	New provision	Newly introduced transitional provision.
531	Section 531 – Power to rescind exemption in relation to certain Union territories already granted under section 294A of the Income-tax Act, 1961	294A	Retained.
532	Section 532 – Power to frame schemes	New provision	Introduced for procedural reforms.
533	Section 533 – Power to make rules	295	Retained.
534	Section 534 – Laying before Parliament	296	No significant modifications.
535	Section 535 – Removal of difficulties	298	Retained.
536	Section 536 – Repeal and savings	299	No major changes.

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Comprehensive Comparison of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and Income-tax Bill, 2025

1. Structural and Conceptual Changes

2. Key Differences in Approach

3. Detailed Section-wise Comparison

4. Major Policy Shifts in the Income-tax Bill, 2025

A. New Deductions & Incentives

B. Digital & Faceless Administration

C. International Taxation & Anti-Avoidance Measures

D. Changes in Capital Gains Taxation

5. Conclusion: Expert Opinion

CORRESPONDENCE TABLE and COMPARISON SUMMARY OF THE INCOME TAX ACT, 2025 to THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1961

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