The National Financial Reporting Authority Rules, 2018.

MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS
NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 13th November, 2018

G.S.R. 1111(E).—In exercise of the powers conferred under sub-sections (2) and (4) of section 132, sub-section (1) of section
139 and sub-section (1) of section 469 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013), the Central Government hereby makes the following
rules, namely :-
1. Short Title and Commencement.─ (1) These rules may be called the National Financial Reporting Authority Rules, 2018.
(2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
2. Definitions.─ (1) In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires,─
(a) “accounting standards” means the ‘accounting standards’ as defined in clause (2) of section 2 of the Act;
(b) “Act” means the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013);
(c) “auditing standards” means the ‘auditing standards’ as defined in clause (7) of section 2 of the Act;
(d) “auditor” means an individual or a firm including a limited liability partnership incorporated under the Limited Liability
Partnership Act, 2008 (6 of 2009) or any other Act for the time being in force, who has been appointed as an auditor of a
company or a body corporate under section 139 of the Act or under any other Act for the time being in force;
(e) “Authority” means the National Financial Reporting Authority constituted under sub-section (1) of section 132 of the Act;
(f) “chairperson” means the chairperson of the Authority;
(g) “Division” means a division established by the Authority for the purpose of organising and carrying out its functions and
duties;
(h) “Form” means the Form annexed to these Rules;
(i) “full-time member” means a member who has been appointed as such under sub-section (3) of section 132 of the Act;
(j) “part-time member” means a member of the Authority other than a full-time member.
(2) Words and expressions used and not defined in these rules but defined in the Act shall have the same meanings
respectively assigned to them in the Act.
3. Classes of companies and bodies corporate governed by the Authority.─ (1) The Authority shall have power to monitor
and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards, oversee the quality of service under sub-section (2) of
section 132 or undertake investigation under sub-section (4) of such section of the auditors of the following class of companies
and bodies corporate, namely:-
(a) companies whose securities are listed on any stock exchange in India or outside India;
(b) unlisted public companies having paid-up capital of not less than rupees five hundred crores or having annual turnover of not
less than rupees one thousand crores or having, in aggregate, outstanding loans, debentures and deposits of not less than
rupees five hundred crores as on the 31st March of immediately preceding financial year;
(c) insurance companies, banking companies, companies engaged in the generation or supply of electricity, companies governed
by any special Act for the time being in force or bodies corporate incorporated by an Act in accordance with clauses (b), (c),
(d), (e) and (f) of sub-section (4) of section 1 of the Act;
(d) any body corporate or company or person, or any class of bodies corporate or companies or persons, on a reference made to
the Authority by the Central Government in public interest; and
(e) a body corporate incorporated or registered outside India, which is a subsidiary or associate company of any company or
body corporate incorporated or registered in India as referred to in clauses (a) to (d), if the income or networth of such
subsidiary or associate company exceeds twenty per cent. of the consolidated income or consolidated networth of such
company or the body corporate, as the case may be, referred to in clauses (a) to (d).
(2) Every existing body corporate other than a company governed by these rules, shall inform the Authority within thirty days
of the commencement of these rules, in Form NFRA-1, the particulars of the auditor as on the date of commencement of these
rules.
(3) Every body corporate, other than a company as defined in clause (20) of section 2, formed in India and governed under this
rule shall, within fifteen days of appointment of an auditor under sub-section (1) of section 139, inform the Authority in Form
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NFRA-1, the particulars of the auditor appointed by such body corporate:
Provided that a body corporate governed under clause (e) of sub-rule (1) shall provide details of appointment of its auditor in
Form NFRA-1.
(4) A company or a body corporate other than a company governed under this rule shall continue to be governed by the Authority
for a period of three years after it ceases to be listed or its paid-up capital or turnover or aggregate of loans, debentures and
deposits falls below the limit stated therein.
4. Functions and duties of the Authority.─ (1) The Authority shall protect the public interest and the interests of investors,
creditors and others associated with the companies or bodies corporate governed under rule 3 by establishing high quality
standards of accounting and auditing and exercising effective oversight of accounting functions performed by the companies and
bodies corporate and auditing functions performed by auditors.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Authority shall:─
(a) maintain details of particulars of auditors appointed in the companies and bodies corporate specified in rule 3;
(b) recommend accounting standards and auditing standards for approval by the Central Government;
(c) monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards;
(d) oversee the quality of service of the professions associated with ensuring compliance with such standards and suggest
measures for improvement in the quality of service;
(e) promote awareness in relation to the compliance of accounting standards and auditing standards;
(f) co-operate with national and international organisations of independent audit regulators in establishing and overseeing
adherence to accounting standards and auditing standards; and
(g) perform such other functions and duties as may be necessary or incidental to the aforesaid functions and duties.
(3) The Central Government may, by notification, and subject to such conditions, limitations and restrictions as may be
specified therein delegate any of its powers or functions under the Act, other than the power to make rules, to the Authority.
5. Annual return. Every auditor referred to in rule 3 shall file a return with the Authority on or before 30th April every year in
such form as may be specified by the Central Government.
6. Recommending accounting standards and auditing standards.─ (1) For the purpose of recommending accounting
standards or auditing standards for approval by the Central Government, the Authority─
(a) shall receive recommendations from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on proposals for new accounting
standards or auditing standards or for amendments to existing accounting standards or auditing standards;
(b) may seek additional information from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on the recommendations received
under clause (a), if required.
(2) The Authority shall consider the recommendations and additional information in such manner as it deems fit before making
recommendations to the Central Government.
7. Monitoring and enforcing compliance with accounting standards.─ (1) For the purpose of monitoring and enforcing
compliance with accounting standards under the Act by a company or a body corporate governed under rule 3, the Authority
may review the financial statements of such company or body corporate, as the case may be, and if so required, direct such
company or body corporate or its auditor by a written notice, to provide further information or explanation or any relevant
documents relating to such company or body corporate, within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice.
(2) The Authority may require the personal presence of the officers of the company or body corporate and its auditor for seeking
additional information or explanation in connection with the review of the financial statements of such company or body
corporate.
(3) The Authority shall publish its findings relating to non-complainces on its website and in such other manner as it considers
fit, unless it has reasons not to do so in the public interest and it records the reasons in writing.
(4) Where the Authority finds or has reason to believe that any accounting standard has or may have been violated, it may decide
on the further course of investigation or enforcement action through its concerned Division.
8. Monitoring and enforcing compliance with auditing standards.─ (1) For the purpose of monitoring and enforcing
compliance with auditing standards under the Act by a company or a body corporate governed under rule 3, the Authority may: –
(a) review working papers (including audit plan and other audit documents) and communications related to the audit;
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(b) evaluate the sufficiency of the quality control system of the auditor and the manner of documentation of the system by the
auditor; and
(c) perform such other testing of the audit, supervisory, and quality control procedures of the auditor as may be considered
necessary or appropriate.
(2) The Authority may require an auditor to report on its governance practices and internal processes designed to promote audit
quality, protect its reputation and reduce risks including risk of failure of the auditor and may take such action on the report as
may be necessary.
(3) The Authority may seek additional information or may require the personal presence of the auditor for seeking additional
information or explanation in connection with the conduct of an audit.
(4) The Authority shall perform its monitoring and enforcement activities through its officers or experts with sufficient
experience in audit of the relevant industry.
(5) The Authority shall publish its findings relating to non-complainces on its website and in such other manner as it considers fit,
unless it has reasons not to do so in the public interest and it records the reasons in writing.
(6) The Authority shall not publish proprietary or confidential information, unless it has reasons to do so in the public interest
and it records the reasons in writing.
(7) The Authority may send a separate report containing proprietary or confidential information to the Central Government for its
information.
(8) Where the Authority finds or has reason to believe that any law or professional or other standard has or may have been
violated by an auditor, it may decide on the further course of investigation or enforcement action through its concerned Division.
9. Overseeing the quality of service and suggesting measures for improvement.─
(1) On the basis of its review, the Authority may direct an auditor to take measures for improvement of audit quality including
changes in their audit processes, quality control, and audit reports and specify a detailed plan with time-limits.
(2) It shall be the duty of the auditor to make the required improvements and send a report to the Authority explaining how it has
complied with the directions made by the Authority.
(3) The Authority shall monitor the improvements made by the auditor and take such action as it deems fit depending on the
progress made by the auditor.
(4) The Authority may refer cases with regard to overseeing the quality of service of auditors of companies or bodies corporate
referred to in rule 3 to the Quality Review Board constituted under the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 (38 of 1949) or call for
any report or information in respect of such auditors or companies or bodies corporate from such Board as it may deem
appropriate.
(5) The Authority may take the assistance of experts for its oversight and monitoring activities.
10. Power to investigate.─ (1) Where the Authority has-
(a) received any reference from the Central Government for investigation into any matter of professional or other misconduct
under sub-section (4) of section 132 of the Act;
(b) decided to undertake investigation into any matter on the basis of its compliance or oversight activities; or
(c) decided to undertake suo motu investigation into any matter of professional or other misconduct, after recording reasons in
writing for this purpose,
it shall forward the matter to its Division dealing with enforcement for carrying out investigation and other action.
(2) If, during the investigation, the Authority has evidence to believe that any company or body corporate has not complied with
the requirements under the Act or rules which involves or may involve fraud amounting to rupees one crore or more, it shall
report its findings to the Central Government.
(3) On the commencement of these rules-
(a) the action in respect of cases of professional or other misconduct against auditors of companies referred to in rule 3 shall be
initiated by Authority and no other institute or body shall initiate any such proceedings against such auditors:
Provided that no other institute or body shall initiate or continue any proceedings in such matters of misconduct where the
Authority has initiated an investigation under this rule;
(b) the action in respect of cases of professional or other misconduct against auditors of companies or bodies corporate other than
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those referred to in rule 3 shall continue to be proceeded with by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India as per provisions
of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and the regulations made thereunder.
11. Disciplinary proceedings.─ (1) Based on the reference received from the Central Government or findings of its
monitoring or enforcement or oversight activities, or on the basis of material otherwise available on record, if the Authority
believes that sufficient cause exists to take actions permissible under sub-section (4) of section 132, it shall refer the matter to the
concerned division, which shall cause a show-cause notice to be issued to the auditor.
(2) The show-cause notice shall be in writing, and shall, inter alia, state-
(a) the provisions of the Act or rules under which it has been issued;
(b) the details of the alleged facts;
(c) the details of the evidence in support of the alleged facts;
(d) the provisions of the Act, rules or the accounting standards or auditing standards thereunder allegedly violated, or the
manner in which the public interest is allegedly affected;
(e) the actions that the Authority proposes to take or the directions it proposes to issue if the allegations are established;
(f) the time limit and the manner in which the auditor is required to respond to the show-cause notice;
(g) the consequences of failure to respond to the show-cause notice; and
(h) the procedure to be followed for disposal of the show-cause notice.
(3) The show-cause notice shall enclose copies of documents relied upon and extracts of relevant portions from the report of
investigation or other records.
(4) The show-cause notice shall be served on the auditor in the following manner, namely –
(a) by sending it to the auditor at the address provided by him or provided by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
(if required by the Authority) by registered post with acknowledgement due; or
(b) by an appropriate electronic means to the email address of the auditor provided by him or it or provided by the the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (if required by the Authority):
Provided that where the auditor is a firm –
(a) a notice to a firm shall be deemed to be a notice to all the partners or employees of that firm as on the date of service of
notice;
(b) the notice shall call upon the firm to disclose the name or names of the partner or partners concerned who shall be
responsible for answering the allegations;
(c) the partner whose name is disclosed by the firm shall be responsible for answering the notice against the firm, and if no
partner, whether erstwhile or present, of the firm owns responsibility for the allegations made against the firm, then the
firm as a whole shall be responsible for answering the allegations, and all the partners and employees of that firm as on
the date of occurrence of alleged misconduct, shall be responsible for answering the allegations.
(5) The Division shall dispose of the show-cause notice within a period of ninety days of the assignment through a summary
procedure as may be specified by the Authority, by a reasoned order in adherence to the principles of natural justice including
where necessary or appropriate an opportunity of being heard in person, and after considering the submissions, if any, made by
the auditor, the relevant facts and circumstances, and the material on record.
(6) The order disposing of a show-cause notice may provide for-
(a) no action;
(b) caution;
(c) action for imposing penalty against auditor under sub-clause (A) of clause (c) of sub-section (4) of section 132 or for
debarring the auditor from engaging as such under sub-clause (B) of clause (c) of sub-section (4) of section 132 or both.
(7) The order passed under sub-rule (6) shall not become effective until thirty days have elapsed from the date of issue of the
order unless the Division states otherwise in the order along with the reason for the same.
(8) The order passed under sub-rule (6) shall be served on the auditor in the manner specified in sub-rule (3) and a copy of the
same shall be sent
(i) in all cases to – (a) the Central Government; and (b) the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India;
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(ii) in the case of a company referred to in sub-section (5) of section 139 to the Comptroller and Auditor General of India;
(iii) in the case of a listed company to the Securities and Exchange Board of India; (iv) in the case of a bank or a non-banking
finance company to the Reserve Bank of India;
(iv) in the case of a bank or a non-banking finance company to the Reserve Bank of India;
(v) in the case of an insurance company to the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India;
(vi) in case the auditor is resident outside India to concerned regulator of such country;
and the same shall be published on the website of the Authority.
12. Manner of enforcement of orders passed in disciplinary proceedings.─ (1) Where the order passed under rule 11
relates to imposition of a monetary penalty on any auditor, the auditor shall deposit the amount of penalty with the Authority
within thirty days of the order:
Provided that where the auditor prefers an appeal against the order of the Authority, it shall deposit ten per cent. of the amount of
the monetary penalty with the Appellate Tribunal.
(2) If, within thirty days of the order passed under rule 11, the auditor neither pays the penalty nor appeals against the order, the
Authority shall, without prejudice to any other action, inform about such non-compliance to every company or body corporate
(including those not covered by rule 3) in which the auditor is functioning as auditor and every such company or body corporate
shall appoint a new auditor in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
(3) Where the order passed under rule 11 imposes a penalty on the auditor or debars the auditor from practice, the order shall be
sent to every company or body corporate in which the auditor is functioning as auditor.
(4) Where the order passed under rule 11 debars the auditor from practice or the order under sub-rule (2) is passed, the order
shall be sent to every company or body corporate (including those not covered by rule 3) in which the auditor is functioning as
auditor and every such company or body corporate shall appoint a new auditor in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
13. Punishment in case of non-compliance.- If a company or any officer of a company or an auditor or any other person
contravenes any of the provisions of these rules, the company and every officer of the company who is in default or the auditor or
such other person shall be punishable as per the provisions of section 450 of the Act.
14. Role of chairperson and full-time members.─ All matters related to, investigation, monitoring, enforcement and
disciplinary proceedings shall be examined and decided by the chairperson or any one or more of the full-time members, acting
through one of the Divisions.
15. Advisory committees, study groups and task forces.─ For the effective performance of its functions under the Act, the
Authority may constitute advisory committees, study groups and task forces.
16. Financial reporting advocacy and education.─ The Authority shall take suitable measures for the promotion of
awareness and significance of accounting standards, auditing standards, auditors’ responsibilities, audit quality and such other
matters through education, training, seminars, workshops, conferences and publicity.
17. Confidentiality and security of information.─ (1) The Authority and all persons and organisations associated with it
shall maintain complete confidentiality and security of the information provided to them for the purpose of the work of the
Authority.
(2) The Authority may enter into such contractual arrangements as may be necessary in order to maintain complete
confidentiality and security of the information.
18. Avoidance of conflict of interest.─ (1) The Authority shall not enter into any contract, arrangement or relationship or
participate in any event that may, or is likely to be perceived to, interfere with its ability to perform its functions and duties in an
effective, fair and reasonable manner.
(2) In particular the Authority or any person associated with it shall not receive any funds, assets, donations, favours, gifts or
sponsorships from any source other than the Central Government and shall not enter into any liabilities, obligations or
commitments except as permitted by the Central Government.
19. International associations and international assistance.─ (1) The Authority may become a member of regional or
international associations of independent audit regulators and standard-setters on such terms as it deems fit.
(2) The Authority may provide assistance to, or receive assistance from, foreign independent audit regulators in investigation of
an auditor in accordance with Indian laws on such terms as it deems fit.

[F. No. 1/4/2016-CL-I, Part-I]
K.V.R. MURTY, Jt. Secy.